Non-forest habitats (A–C) and Robinia in urban environment (D). A Agrarian landscape with small-scale and semi-open Robinia stands. The spread of this species is suppressed by regular use of farming practices B Root suckers of Robinia invading a thermophilous grassland, which is the habitat of protected plant species C Intensive short rotation plantation regenerated by coppicing D Avenue of flowering Robinia in Prague (Czech Republic).