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Abstract

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Introduction

Case study 1: Limiting wickedness in the prevention of invasions: managing ballast water in the Laurentian Great Lakes

Case study 2: Ecological scope can determine wickedness: the eradication of invasive species from islands

Case study 3: Changing circumstances heighten wickedness: Controlling invasive alien pine trees in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa

Case study 4: Conflict species with polarized stakeholders maximize wickedness: Managing invasive rainbow trout around the world

Conclusion: Recognizing and effectively dealing with wickedness in invasive species management

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