Regions predicted to be climatically suitable for multiple species A occurrence or co-occurrence of up to five of the moth species based on 10-percentile lowest omission rate thresholds B regions of potential co-occurrence of the three species with the highest overall suitability in the study region: European green vine moth (EGVM) Lobesia botrana, grape berry moth (GBM), Paralobesia viteana, and grape tortrix moth (GTM), Argyrotaenia ljungiana C principal component analysis depicting climatic envelopes and environmental predictors (Table 1) associated with climatically suitable areas for multispecies co-occurrence.