Non-metric multidimensional scaling plots representing phylogenetic distances (mean pairwise distance separating each species at each site from its closest relative; MNTD) in the above-ground vegetation (VEG) and the soil seed bank (SB) collected from five comparable invaded (I) and uninvaded (N) plots at each of three sites per invasive species (Gunnera tinctoria and Impatiens glandulifera), with 95% confidence interval ellipses. The seed bank was collected in the spring and in autumn, reflecting its transient (T) and persistent (P) component.

 
 
  Part of: Gioria M, Carta A, Balogianni V, Fornara D, Pyšek P, Osborne BA (2023) Changes in the functional and phylogenetic diversity of above- and below-ground plant communities invaded by two alien herbs. NeoBiota 88: 75-101. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.88.109185