Total number of field studies testing for impacts in Europe classified by invasive plant species, ecological organisation and impact type. The grey shading legend indicates whether the impact is on animals, microbes, plants or ecosystems.

 
 
  Part of: Vilà M, Trillo A, Castro-Díez P, Gallardo B, Bacher S (2024) Field studies of the ecological impacts of invasive plants in Europe. NeoBiota 90: 139-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.90.112368