Potential non-native vascular plant species assemblage clusters across Svalbard under current and future climate scenarios. For all, the optimum number of clusters was three. These are illustrated using colours. The clustering was undertaken independently for each scenario, and the cluster groups have no direct correspondence between present and future climate scenarios. Species associations with clusters are shown in Suppl. material 1: fig. S11. The southern island of Bjørnøya is shown as an inset and ice-covered regions are excluded.