Maps and overview of the six glacier sites on the north coast of South Georgia. Plant and invertebrate communities at three tidewater glacial forelands (1–3 purple) and three inland deglaciated sites (4–6 blue) were surveyed. Centre-right: example of transects (black dots) along former deglaciation fronts (from 1993 to 2017, light to dark purple) in the vicinity of Nordenskjöld Glacier.