Summary of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of Prosopis invasions related to this study. Our research questions relate to the invasion dynamics of introduced invasive (blue) and non-invasive (orange) Prosopis species in eastern Africa. We evaluated (directly or indirectly) whether various factors (in bold in horizontal boxes), associated with different stages of invasion, have shaped the genetic characteristics of populations in the invaded areas of Afar Region, Ethiopia and Baringo County, Kenya. These factors can either decrease (solid arrows) or increase (dashed arrows) genetic diversity found in founder and invasive populations. Note that factors associated with invasive populations could only be assessed for P. juliflora. Figure modified from Keller and Tailor (2008).