Current Aotearoa policy for in-stream structures such as fish passages to simultaneously act as barriers to ‘undesirable’ species spread and facilitators of ‘desirable’ species spread focussed through human-natural systems and simultaneous negative (mitigating) and positive (reinforcing) feedback loops for ‘undesirable’ and ‘desirable’ species respectively.

 
 
  Part of: MacNeil C, Holmes R, Challies E, McFarlane K, Arnold J (2024) Strangers in a strange land; freshwater fish introductions, impacts, management and socio-ecological feedbacks in a small island nation – the case of Aotearoa New Zealand. NeoBiota 94: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.94.122939