Model visualisation of spatio-temporal dynamics of invader impacts based on the suggested framework. Modelled isoscapes centred around a N2-fixing invasive plant species using the functional tracer δ15N and information on the environmental matrix in a nutrient poor ecosystem based on Hellmann et al. (2017). Reddish colours indicate high-levels of atmospheric fixed nitrogen inputs (e.g. dense invader patches and flushes of N into native vegetation); yellow colours indicate lower levels of impact, while whitish colours indicate no impact and are representative for the original status before invasion. The local functional changes do not occur uniformly. Isoscapes are plotted onto high-resolution airborne LiDAR data fused with true colour imagery to illustrate the effect of LiDAR-derived vegetation structure of the recipient community and topography on invader impact in this heterogeneous ecosystem. The 3D map was created using QGIS version 3.30. An animated 3D-video of the model can be found at https://tinyurl.com/4hs23b8p.