Abundance of seeded and colonizing focal annual species by treatment. Given is mean (+ 1 SE) cover per focal species seeded into experimental plots to represent native, naturalized, or invasive annuals, 2016–2018. Plots were disturbed and purged of plants prior to seeding in fall 2015, and control plots were not seeded. Sown native and naturalized annuals were allowed to colonize plots where unseeded, and mean (+ 1 SE) cover per species across this set of colonizing taxa is given for comparison to seeded species cover. Within-year patterns for each variable were evaluated with post-hoc comparisons when the treatment effect was significant (P < 0.05), and means that do not share letters (seeded species: lower case, colonizing species: upper case) are significantly different.