Heath vegetation already colonised by lodgepole pine (plantation can be seen in the distance) (A) and young lodgepole pines (marked with arrows) colonising moss heath in the valley mouth (B) and a birch woodland with dense vegetation cover (C).

 
 
  Part of: Wasowicz P, Óskarsdóttir G, Þórhallsdóttir ÞE (2025) Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) invasion in subarctic Iceland: evidence from a long-term study. NeoBiota 97: 47-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.97.134047