Stacked bar plots demonstrate the explained variation in functional α (A) and (B) β diversity. Each bar represents the contribution of species status (invasive/native), the first two PC axes derived from environmental factors, and residuals. D, species dominance within plots; Q, functional diversity within plots; R, functional redundancy within plots; SBC, species similarity among plots; DKG, functional dissimilarity among plots; and Rβ, functional redundancy among plots.