. Growth and defence traits of Bunias orientalis plants. Twelve populations of native (green), invasive (red) or naturalised (yellow) status were grown in a field common garden under two nitrate-fertilisation treatments, low (light shade) and high (dark shade) (n = 6 per population and fertilisation treatment, n = 5–6 in (b); for population codes see Table 1). a Total number of leaves per plant in the first year (rosette and offshoot leaves) and b in the second year (rosette, offshoot and stem leaves) c length of the longest leaf, d leaf mass per area, e total leaf glucosinolate concentration and f Shannon diversity index for nine glucosinolates in the first year. Box plots: median, 5th, 25th, 75th, 95th percentiles; open dots: outliers. Lines along four populations of identical status: status mean values for low (dashed) and high (solid) fertilisation treatments.