Empirically measured environmental effects on fall armyworm life cycle. Summary of data from literature of temperature, moisture, soil and host plant effects on fall armyworm survival and developmental time and observations of abundances in the field under different conditions and seasons. All studies were conducted with populations from the Americas. Rectangles are life stages, ovals are processes. Orange arrows represent effects of fall armyworm on maize or vice versa. The occurrence of a 7th instar is not universally reported. Only direct effects (measured or imputed) of the environment and host on fall armyworm were included. Unless otherwise noted, moths for experiments were reared on fresh maize or an artificial diet. RH is relative humidity. More information is given in Suppl. material 1: Table S1, Figure S5