The percentage of articles published in three applied and three basic journals in the fields of ecology and conservation biology using any (≥ 1) militaristic language over our study period in papers either on invasive species or other topics. Each journal by topic (invasive or other) combination had 20 articles evaluated with the exception of invasive species articles for both American Naturalist (11) and Journal of Ecology (12), which had few eligible articles on invasive species prior to 2001 (see main text).