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Table 2.Download as CSV 

Current status of the 11 alien parrot species within Europe (as recognised by EASIN; https://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu/). Information obtained from GAVIA database (
Species name | Native range | Alien European range (Unknown, Died out) | Europe populations (size) | Other alien range: breeding/established | Impact status (EASIN) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yellow-collared lovebird (Agapornis personatus) | Tanzania | France, Spain | Unknown | Burundi, Kenya | Low/unknown |
Turquoise-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay | Italy, Spain (Germany, Switzerland) | Genoa, Milan, Valencia ( |
USA | Low/unknown |
Yellow-crowned amazon* (Amazona ochrocephala) | Central and South America |
(Germany, Italy: |
Genoa, Milan, Stuttgart (50 since 1984) ( |
Barbados, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, USA | Low/unknown |
Blue-crowned parakeet (Aratinga acuticaudata) | South America | Spain, (UK, Italy: |
Barcelona (8 pairs/25 birds) ( |
USA | Low/unknown |
Red-masked parakeet (Aratinga erythrogenys) | Ecuador, Peru | Spain | Barcelona, Seville, Valencia | Cayman Islands, USA, | Low/unknown |
Mitred parakeet (Aratinga mitrata) | Argentina, Bolivia, Peru | Spain | Barcelona (100–150 birds) ( |
Puerto Rico, USA | Low/unknown |
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) | Australia | Greece (Germany, Spain, Turkey, Austria, Belgium, Italy ( |
Unknown | Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Namibia, Oman, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Spain (Canary Islands), Taiwan, USA, Venezuela | Low/unknown |
Monk parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus) | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay | Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK (Denmark, Slovakia) | 30 established populations. More than 22,000 individuals across Europe (Postigo J-L, pers. comm. 2018). | Australia, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela | High |
Nanday parakeet (Nandayus nenday) | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay | Spain | Barcelona (5 pairs) ( |
Israel, Puerto Rico, Spain (Canary Islands), USA | Low/unknown |
Alexandrine parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) | Southern Asia | Belgium, Germany, Italy, Turkey (Greece, Netherlands, Spain, UK) ( |
A minimum of 1000 individuals in Europe ( |
Bahrain, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Oman, UAE, Yemen | Low/unknown† |
Ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri) | Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa | Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, UK (Ireland, Switzerland, Ukraine) | 95 populations have established since the 1960s. At least 85,000 birds ( |
Australia, Bahrain, Barbados, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, China, Cuba, Egypt, Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Oman, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, UAE, USA, Venezuela, Yemen | High |
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