Improving the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT): a summary of revisions to the framework and guidelines

Lara Volery; Tim M. Blackburn; Sandro Bertolino; Thomas Evans; Piero Genovesi; Sabrina Kumschick; Helen E. Roy; Kevin G. Smith; Sven Bacher

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Katharina Lapin, Sven Bacher, Thomas Cech, Rok Damjanić, Franz Essl, Freya-Isabel Georges, Gernot Hoch, Andreja Kavčič, András Koltay, Saša Kostić, Ivan Lukić, Aleksander Marinšek, László Nagy, Sanja Novak Agbaba, Janine Oettel, Saša Orlović, Leopold Poljaković-Pajnik, Markus Sallmannshofer, Martin Steinkellner, Srdjan Stojnic, Marjana Westergren, Milica Zlatkovic, Anita Zolles, Maarten de Groot (2021)
Comparing environmental impacts of alien plants, insects and pathogens in protected riparian forests. NeoBiota 69: 1.

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Xing Chen, Sonja C. Jähnig, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Thomas G. Evans, Fengzhi He (2023)
Do alien species affect native freshwater megafauna?. Freshwater Biology 68: 903.

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Rubén Bernardo-Madrid, Pablo González-Moreno, Belinda Gallardo, Sven Bacher, Montserrat Vilà (2022)
Consistency in impact assessments of invasive species is generally high and depends on protocols and impact types. NeoBiota 76: 163.

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Deah Lieurance, Susan Canavan, Donald C. Behringer, Amy E. Kendig, Carey R. Minteer, Lindsey S. Reisinger, Christina M. Romagosa, S. Luke Flory, Julie L. Lockwood, Patti J. Anderson, Shirley M. Baker, Jamie Bojko, Kristen E. Bowers, Kim Canavan, Kelly Carruthers, Wesley M. Daniel, Doria R. Gordon, Jeffrey E. Hill, Jennifer G. Howeth, Basil V. Iannone, Lucas Jennings, Lyn A. Gettys, Eutychus M. Kariuki, John M. Kunzer, H. Dail Laughinghouse, Nicholas E. Mandrak, Sara McCann, Tolulope Morawo, Cayla R. Morningstar, Matthew Neilson, Tabitha Petri, Ian A. Pfingsten, Robert N. Reed, Linda J. Walters, Christian Wanamaker (2023)
Identifying invasive species threats, pathways, and impacts to improve biosecurity. Ecosphere 14: .

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Stefano Canessa, Amanda E. Trask, John G. Ewen (2021)
Mind the gap (between assessing risks and prioritizing management). NeoBiota 68: 1.

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Sabrina Kumschick, Sandro Bertolino, Tim M. Blackburn, Giuseppe Brundu, Katie E. Costello, Maarten de Groot, Thomas Evans, Belinda Gallardo, Piero Genovesi, Tanushri Govender, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Katharina Lapin, John Measey, Ana Novoa, Ana L. Nunes, Anna F. Probert, Petr Pyšek, Cristina Preda, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Helen E. Roy, Kevin G. Smith, Elena Tricarico, Montserrat Vilà, Giovanni Vimercati, Sven Bacher (2024)
Using the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa to inform decision‐making. Conservation Biology 38: .

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Miguel Monteiro, César Capinha, Maria Teresa Ferreira, Martin A. Nuñez, Luís Reino (2023)
Negative and positive impacts of alien macrofungi: a global scale database. NeoBiota 85: 23.

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Ismael Soto, Rafael L. Macêdo, Lais Carneiro, Elizabeta Briski, Antonín Kouba, Ross N. Cuthbert, Phillip J. Haubrock (2024)
Divergent temporal responses of native macroinvertebrate communities to biological invasions. Global Change Biology 30: .

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Konstantinos Tsirintanis, Maria Sini, Michail Ragkousis, Argyro Zenetos, Stelios Katsanevakis (2023)
Cumulative Negative Impacts of Invasive Alien Species on Marine Ecosystems of the Aegean Sea. Biology 12: 933.

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Laís Carneiro, Natali O.R. Miiller, Ross N. Cuthbert, Jean R.S. Vitule (2024)
Biological invasions negatively impact global protected areas. Science of The Total Environment 948: 174823.

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Clara Marino, Boris Leroy, Guillaume Latombe, Céline Bellard (2024)
Exposure and Sensitivity of Terrestrial Vertebrates to Biological Invasions Worldwide. Global Change Biology 30: .

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Justin D. Salva, Bethany A. Bradley (2023)
High-impact invasive plants expanding into mid-Atlantic states: identifying priority range-shifting species for monitoring in light of climate change. Invasive Plant Science and Management 16: 197.

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Giovanni Vimercati, Anna F. Probert, Lara Volery, Ruben Bernardo-Madrid, Sandro Bertolino, Vanessa Céspedes, Franz Essl, Thomas Evans, Belinda Gallardo, Laure Gallien, Pablo González-Moreno, Marie Charlotte Grange, Cang Hui, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kühn, Sabrina Kumschick, Jan Pergl, Petr Pyšek, Loren Rieseberg, Tamara B. Robinson, Wolf-Christian Saul, Cascade J. B. Sorte, Montserrat Vilà, John R. U. Wilson, Sven Bacher (2022)
The EICAT+ framework enables classification of positive impacts of alien taxa on native biodiversity. PLOS Biology 20: e3001729.

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Xing Chen, Thomas G. Evans, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Sonja C. Jähnig, Fengzhi He (2024)
Global introductions and environmental impacts of freshwater megafish. Global Change Biology 30: .

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Lara Volery, Divija Jatavallabhula, Laura Scillitani, Sandro Bertolino, Sven Bacher (2021)
Ranking alien species based on their risks of causing environmental impacts: A global assessment of alien ungulates. Global Change Biology 27: 1003.

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John R. U. Wilson, Arunava Datta, Heidi Hirsch, Jan-Hendrik Keet, Tumeka Mbobo, Khensani V. Nkuna, Mlungele M. Nsikani, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Tsungai A. Zengeya, Sabrina Kumschick (2020)
Is invasion science moving towards agreed standards? The influence of selected frameworks. NeoBiota 62: 569.

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Laura Forgione, Sven Bacher, Giovanni Vimercati (2022)
Are species more harmful in their native, neonative or alien range? Insights from a global analysis of bark beetles. Diversity and Distributions 28: 1832.

DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13585

Sabrina Kumschick, Lysandre Journiac, Océane Boulesnane-Genguant, Christophe Botella, Robin Pouteau, Mathieu Rouget (2025)
Mapping potential environmental impacts of alien species in the face of climate change. Biological Invasions 27: .

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Artur Pliszko, Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, Iwona Makuch-Pietraś (2023)
The effect of site conditions and type of ramet clusters on sexual and asexual ramets of Solidago × niederederi (Asteraceae). NeoBiota 85: 125.

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Cally Jansen, Sabrina Kumschick (2022)
A global impact assessment of Acacia species introduced to South Africa. Biological Invasions 24: 175.

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Anthony Mapaura, Kim Canavan, David M. Richardson, Vincent R. Clark, Guy F. Sutton, Sandy-Lynn Steenhuisen (2024)
The impact of Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. on plant diversity, richness and soil properties in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 173: 175.

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Sabrina Kumschick, Laura Fernandez Winzer, Emily J McCulloch-Jones, Duran Chetty, Jana Fried, Tanushri Govender, Luke J Potgieter, Mokgatla C Rapetsoa, David M Richardson, Julia van Velden, Dewidine Van der Colff, Siyasanga Miza, John R U Wilson (2024)
Considerations for developing and implementing a safe list for alien taxa. BioScience 74: 97.

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Marcelo H. Cassini (2023)
A critical review of the precautionary approach of the IUCN impact classification for non‐native taxa. Conservation Biology 37: .

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Juliani Giselli Prestes, Laís Carneiro, Natali Oliva Roman Miiller, Ananda Karla Alves Neundorf, Clemerson Richard Pedroso, Raul Rennó Braga, Ronaldo Sousa, Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule (2024)
A systematic review of invasive non‐native freshwater bivalves. Biological Reviews 99: 2082.

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Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Oliver L. Pescott, Olaf Booy, Kevin J. Walker (2022)
Integrating expert knowledge at regional and national scales improves impact assessments of non-native species. NeoBiota 77: 79.

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Maude Vernet, Amanda E. Trask, Caitlin E. Andrews, John G. Ewen, Suzanne Medina, Axel Moehrenschlager, Stefano Canessa (2024)
Assessing invasion risks using EICAT-based expert elicitation: application to a conservation translocation. Biological Invasions 26: 2707.

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Tom Allmert, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Thomas Evans (2022)
An assessment of the environmental and socio-economic impacts of alien rabbits and hares. Ambio 51: 1314.

DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01642-7

Irina G. Esina, Anatoliy A. Khapugin (2022)
To What Extent Are Protected Areas Freer of Alien Plants Than Managed Areas within Biodiversity Coldspots? A Case Study of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve, European Russia. The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Diversity (IECD 2022)—New Insights into the Biodiversity of Plants, Animals and Microbes : 23.

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David C. Le Maitre, Cristina Máguas, Florian Ulm, Hélia Marchante (2023)
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