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A proposed comprehensive typology of factors and their interactions (represented by intersections in the Venn diagram) that explain invasions: Alien species traits, Location characteristics, and Event-related factors. Intersections between two (or all) these main classes of factors denote situations where their combinations determine invasions, e.g. the climate at a location needs to match the niche requirements of the alien to result in a successful invasion. For a successful invasion, all factor classes and their interactions need to be favourable (Species × Location × Event), i.e. a species with suitable traits is introduced to a suitable habitat in a region with matching climate and the propagule numbers arriving during that introduction event are enough to allow for successful establishment, possibly resulting in invasion.
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Part of: Pyšek P, Bacher S, Kühn I, Novoa A, Catford JA, Hulme PE, Pergl J, Richardson DM, Wilson JRU, Blackburn TM (2020) MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA): disentangling large-scale context dependence in biological invasions. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM. NeoBiota 62: 407-461. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52787
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