Germination rate (%, mean ± SE) in the control and the six washing treatments. Notations: grey column, C – control; blue columns: gentle washing at 30 °C (30W – washing with water at 30 °C, 30E – washing with eco-friendly soap nut at 30 °C and 30D – washing with detergent at 30 °C); yellow and orange columns – intense washing at 60 °C (60W – washing with water at 60 °C, 60E – washing with eco-friendly soap nut at 60 °C and 60D – washing with detergent at 60 °C). Germination rate is expressed as the percentage of sown propagules that germinated in a treatment (25 propagules were sown in five replicates per treatment except for H. murinum, where 25 propagules were sown in three replicates per treatment).