Distribution of the cost amounts (in 2017-equivalent US$ millions) among species recorded in the conservative subset. The species are successively grouped into kingdom, organism type and genus. The size of the bars (rectangles) is proportional to the cost value associated with either the kingdom, organism type or genus. For example, we can see that costs associated with the kingdom Animalia are equal to US$11.6 billion. Animalia comprises the organism groups insect, mammal and bird, so the combined height of the rectangles representing costs for insect, mammal and bird is equal to the height of the bar representing the Animalia Kingdom. Insects contribute the most to costs associated with Animalia and amongst insects, the genus Spodoptera sp. is the most costly. Icons are from (http://phylopic.org/).