Distribution of observed costs across the three descriptors ‘Environment’, ‘Type of cost’ and ‘Impacted sector’, illustrating flows of identified invasion costs in Germany.

 
 
  Part of: Haubrock PJ, Cuthbert RN, Sundermann A, Diagne C, Golivets M, Courchamp F (2021) Economic costs of invasive species in Germany. In: Zenni RD, McDermott S, García-Berthou E, Essl F (Eds) The economic costs of biological invasions around the world. NeoBiota 67: 225-246. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.59502