Invasion costs of invasive alien species with regards to the protection status of lands a relative number of entries and invasion costs in unprotected lands, protected islands and protected mainland for robust cost estimates (reliable and observed costs), and for non-robust cost estimates (unreliable and/or potential costs). Invasion costs in b unprotected lands c protected islands and d protected mainlands, considering percentage cost contributions in Mexico across taxa. For (b, c and d) costs include reliable and unreliable as well as observed and potential.