Back-transformed (odds ratios) significant estimates and 95% confidence intervals from the logistic regression determining the factors negatively (<1, on the left of the dotted line) or positively (>1, on the right of the dotted line) influencing the success of biological control introductions, for (left panels) all biological control agents and (right panels) parasitoids as biological control agents. Success was measured as (upper panels (A, B)) establishment of the agent, (middle panels (C, D)) impact on the target (partial to complete control), or (lower panels (E, F)) substantial to complete control of the target. Estimates with numbers followed by an asterisk (*) are statistically significant at α=.05, those without an asterisk at α=.1.

 
 
  Part of: Seehausen ML, Afonso C, Jactel H, Kenis M (2021) Classical biological control against insect pests in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East: What influences its success? NeoBiota 65: 169-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.66276