Model predictions for the influence of the interaction between number of introductions within agent-target combinations and target voltinism (red=univoltine, blue=multivoltine) on the probability of (upper panels) agent establishment, (middle panels) impact on target, and (lower panels) target control, by (left panels) all biological control agents and (right panels) only parasitoids as biological control agents.
Part of: Seehausen ML, Afonso C, Jactel H, Kenis M (2021) Classical biological control against insect pests in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East: What influences its success? NeoBiota 65: 169-191. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.66276