Effects of desiccation pre-treatment (des. pretreat.) on critical thermal minimum A critical thermal maximum B for S. frugiperda larvae (all six instars) and adults and C fecundity of S. frugiperda adults. Error bars represent 95% confidence limits (N = 20) and means with the same letter are not significantly different from each other.

 
 
  Part of: Keosentse O, Mutamiswa R, Nyamukondiwa C (2022) Interaction effects of desiccation and temperature stress resistance across Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) developmental stages. NeoBiota 73: 87-108. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.73.76011