Species,Vicecounty,VC_name,Region,Vcsize,Impact,Confidence,Habitat,comment,vcTotal_tetrads,Tetrads_species,Lifeform Agapanthus praecox,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Major,Medium,Littoral habitat,Local to south of Tresco (SSSI) where becoming dominant species in dunes,430,43,G Azolla filiculoides,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Rapidly covering water surface on pools & stream with impact on species such as Ranunculus baudottii ,430,39,Hy Carpobrotus edulis,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Major,Medium,Littoral habitat,Large stands mainly on coast where have overwhelmed native coastal plants. ,430,66,Ch Coprosma repens,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Major,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,as with Pittosporum. Both are also invading uninhabited islands,430,12,Ph Drosanthemum floribundum,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Moderate,Medium,Littoral habitat,"One of the Dewplants, succulents that can form dense mats over substrate & other plants",430,36,Ch Erigeron sumatrensis,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Moderate,Medium,Acid Grassland,Recent arrival but spreading rapidly and becoming dominant along roadsides and disturbed ground. Has invaded area of dune & an uninhabited island (SSSI),430,36,Th Muehlenbeckia complexa,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Major,High,Littoral habitat,"Totally overgrows everything on walls, hedges open heath, dunes etc. Nothing can grow through it -- On two islands.",430,22,Ph Phormium cookianum,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Major,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,"Only on St Martins where 1000s of plant are spreading into heath, acid coastal grass & dunes. No easy control method.",430,7,Hc Pittosporum crassifolium,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Massive,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,"forming stands, growing on granite tors & shading out natives & damaging lichens. Has reached many uninhabited islands & spreading rapidly.",430,28,Ph Senecio minimus,VC1,West Cornwall,Southwest England,48574,Moderate,Medium,Other,Spreading very rapidly into several habitats -- has reached SSSI on uninhabited island,430,7,Th Acer pseudoplatanus,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,680,636,Ph Carpobrotus edulis,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Littoral habitat,,680,25,Ch Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,,680,36,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,680,67,Hy Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,,680,574,G Disphyma crassifolium,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Littoral habitat,,680,3,Ch Impatiens glandulifera,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,680,270,Th Prunus laurocerasus,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,680,260,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,680,345,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC2,East Cornwall,Southwest England,44796,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,680,353,Ph Allium triquetrum,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"roadsides,churchyards,woods",914,107,G Buddleja davidii,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Moderate,High,Brownfield/Urban,"waste ground,walls",914,308,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Moderate,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,914,21,Hy Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,914,195,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,river and streamsides,914,247,Th Petasites pyrenaicus,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"roadsides,woods",914,216,G Prunus laurocerasus,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,914,334,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"roadsides,waste ground,stream sides",914,192,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,914,308,Ph Tellima grandiflora,VC4,North Devon,Southwest England,40424,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"damp woods,river valleys,so far local",914,39,Hc Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Moderate,Low,Calcareous Grassland,Invasive on some downland slopes,456,5,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Sporadically on pond margins, but dominant patches where it occurs",456,11,Hy Elodea nuttallii,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"A normal constituent of ponds, occasionally dominant and displacing natives",456,31,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Minor,Medium,Other,"Uncommon. Various habitats, often damp. Dense, but usually small stands",456,16,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Widely scattered in Wilts, often on rights-of-way",456,32,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,"Frequent on stream and river banks throughout Wiltshire, often dominant, so excluding other species. Has been purposely introduced on Swindon watercourses, but now partly removed",456,86,Th Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Minimal,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Very occasional in ponds. A potential threat,456,5,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Minor,Medium,Other,"Various habitats, often damp. Dense, but usually small stands",456,51,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC7,North Wiltshire,Southwest England,36372,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Scattered, but occasionally dominant in woodland, where it eliminates all ground flora",456,34,Ph Campylopus introflexus,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Moderate,Medium,Dwarf Shrub Heath,,758,1,Moss Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Major,Medium,Inland Rock,,758,19,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Massive,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,758,51,Hy Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,mainly in eastern part of county,758,94,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Major,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,758,190,Th Ludwigia hexapetala,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Massive,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,only one site known,758,2,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Major,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,758,132,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC9,Dorset,Southwest England,35087,Massive,Medium,Dwarf Shrub Heath,,758,174,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Locally dominant; more of a problem when colonising grassland habitats,134,105,Ph Buddleja davidii,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Major,High,Littoral habitat,"Has caused virtual loss of scheduled liverwort, Southbya nigrella, otherwise only on Purbeck. Modifies native mixed scrub and open grassland and eliminates some species.",134,77,Ph Cortaderia selloana,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Moderate,Medium,Littoral habitat,Very persistent & difficult to control. Colonising coastal habitats but only in recent years. Likely to become a greater problem.,134,23,Hc Crassula helmsii,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Minor,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Becomes locally dominant but no evidence of loss of native aquatics,134,16,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,"Spreads rapidly, a recent colonist. Becoming dominant in species poor riparian habitats but not to date in quality habitats.",134,27,Th Laurus nobilis,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Now found in most native woodlands but only as isolated individuals ,134,55,Ph Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Moderate,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Becomes dominant ousting native aquatic communities,134,15,Hy Petasites pyrenaicus,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,Very locally dominating maritime cliffs excluding native species.,134,81,G Quercus cerris,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,134,35,Ph Quercus ilex,VC10,Isle of Wight,Southeast England,34753,Massive,High,Calcareous Grassland,Complete loss of chalk grassland. Spread limited by feral goats on NT land,134,78,Ph Cornus sericea,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,583,59,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,583,114,Hy Gaultheria shallon,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,Medium,Dwarf Shrub Heath,,583,43,Ph Impatiens glandulifera,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,583,171,Th Ludwigia hexapetala,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Impact very high but fortunately extent very limited so far,583,3,Hy Lysichiton americanus,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,Medium,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",,583,43,Hc Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Also streams,583,58,Hy Prunus laurocerasus,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,583,384,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,583,306,Ph Thuja plicata,VC11,South Hampshire,Southeast England,34092,Major,Medium,Dwarf Shrub Heath,"Ungrazed heathland and acid grassland in limited areas, but regeneration spectacular",583,152,Ph Azolla filiculoides,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Mainly ditches and ponds,510,11,Hy Crassula helmsii,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Ponds, lakes, reservoirs, ditches-has caused local extinctions of Helosciadium inundatum and Hypericum elodes",510,51,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Waste ground, ditches, banks of canals and rivers.",510,290,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Waste ground, verges, edges of woods, rarely within old/ancient woodland. Little damage from hybridisation with natve Bluebell observed to date, but needs to be monitored ",510,54,G Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Ditches, ponds, streams-has caused local extinctions of Hypericum elodes and Elatine hexandra",510,10,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Also damp woods and waste ground, very dominant where it occurs in quantity",510,187,Th Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Ponds primarily,510,28,Hy Prunus laurocerasus,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Also in hedgerows, starting to pose problems in such botanically important sites as Ashdown Forest",510,270,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Moderate,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Waste ground.,510,214,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC13,West Sussex,Southeast England,33438,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Mainly woods on acid soils and heaths-its thickets can eliminate native herbaceous ground flora and prevent native tree/shrub regeneration,510,185,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Looks set to take over where chalara ash dieback has killed off Fraxinus excelsior particularly in vc15,734,570,Ph Centranthus ruber,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Major,Medium,Littoral habitat,Out-competes native species on vegetated shingle ,734,294,Ch Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Massive,Medium,Calcareous Grassland,"Completely smothers native species esp on steep cuttings and banks. Species such as Helianthemum nummularium, Thymus spp, Gentianella amarell etc",734,6,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Smothers all other aquatics,734,57,Hy Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Occurences fairly infrequent ,734,14,Hy Petasites pyrenaicus,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Massive,High,Littoral habitat,Outcompetes native species on coasta shingle and linear features,734,273,G Reynoutria japonica,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Massive,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"widespread on roadsides, banks etc ",734,92,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Swamps and shades out native species.,734,68,Ph Smyrnium olusatrum,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Massive,High,Littoral habitat,"Out-competes natives on coastal vegetated shingle and causes enriched conditions unsuitable for annual species of Trifolium, Megicago, Cerastium etc. Also problematic on some coastal chalk grasslands and boundary/linear features",734,340,Hc Spartina anglica,VC15,East Kent,Southeast England,32697,Massive,High,Littoral habitat,takes over from salicornia species in parts of thames estuary,734,49,Hel Acer pseudoplatanus,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,561,535,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Major,High,Calcareous Grassland,Requires constant vigilance to keep under control,561,8,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,561,127,Hy Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,So far restricted to certain sites,561,38,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,561,323,Th Pinus sylvestris,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Major,High,Acid Grassland,Also heathland,561,433,Ph Prunus laurocerasus,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,561,474,Ph Quercus ilex,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,561,228,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Also acid grassland,561,347,Ph Solidago canadensis,VC17,Surrey,Southeast England,30921,Moderate,High,Calcareous Grassland,,561,218,Hc Ailanthus altissima,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Moderate,High,Brownfield/Urban,A wide range of urban habitats. Currently lowish impacts but expected to rise dramatically over next few decades,240,82,Ph Allium paradoxum,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Currently lowish impacts but expected to rise dramatically over next few decades,240,7,G Allium triquetrum,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Currently lowish impacts but expected to rise dramatically over next few decades,240,27,G Buddleja davidii,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Massive,High,Brownfield/Urban,A wide range of urban habitats affected.,240,198,Ph Cyperus eragrostis,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Currently lowish impacts but expected to rise dramatically over next few decades,240,7,Hc Egeria densa,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Currently lowish impacts but expected to rise dramatically over next few decades,240,6,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,240,82,Hc Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,,240,37,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,,240,101,Th Lagarosiphon major,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Currently lowish impacts but expected to rise dramatically over next few decades,240,7,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC21,Middlesex,Southeast England,29717,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,240,169,G Acer platanoides,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,558,117,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,558,351,Ph Cupressus lawsoniana,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,558,253,Ph Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,558,5,Hy Hypericum x inodorum,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,558,142,Ph Leycesteria formosa,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Moderate,High,Other,,558,12,Ph Lysichiton americanus,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Major,High,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",,558,8,Hc Pentaglottis sempervirens,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,558,150,Hc Polypogon viridis,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,,558,48,Hc Quercus cerris,VC22,Berkshire,Southeast England,29610,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,558,86,Ph Ceratochloa carinata,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Priority habitats,596,12,Hc Cornus sericea,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Priority habitats,596,31,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,High,Improved Grassland,"Floodplain grasslands, drawdown zones etc.",596,25,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Priority habitats,596,19,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Priority habitats,596,145,G Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Priority habitats,596,127,Ch Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Priority habitats,596,5,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,596,63,G Symphytum grandiflorum,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Priority habitats,596,38,Hc Vinca difformis,VC23,Oxfordshire,Southeast England,29368,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Priority habitats,596,3,Ch Acer pseudoplatanus,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,619,397,Ph Azolla filiculoides,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,619,28,Hy Centranthus ruber,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Minor,Medium,Littoral habitat,,619,90,Ch Crassula helmsii,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,619,35,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Minor,Medium,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",,619,42,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,619,122,G Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,619,4,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,619,85,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,619,87,Ch Smyrnium olusatrum,VC25,East Suffolk,Southeast England,28457,Moderate,Medium,Neutral Grassland,,619,296,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland. More frequent on hedge banks and road verges,688,63,G Campylopus introflexus,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Major,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,Lowland heath - outcompetes other pioneer bryophytes on bare peat etc. Also woodlands.,688,1,Moss Crassula helmsii,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Drawdown zone of ponds and lakes are main victim,688,59,Hy Fallopia convolvulus,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Usually localised (rarely in priority habitats) and eradicated ,688,512,Th Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Occasionally wet woodland.,688,63,Hc Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Usually effectively eradicated if in Broads catchment. Also occasionally standing waters. ,688,4,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Wet woodland. Also lowland fens. ,688,149,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland,688,384,Ch Petasites pyrenaicus,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Maritime cliffs and slopes. Also linear habitats (i.e. roadside verges),688,205,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC27,East Norfolk,Southeast England,27511,Major,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,Lowland heathland. Also lowland mixed deciduous woodland,688,159,Ph Aster,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Major,Medium,Neutral Grassland,,665,3,Hc Crassula helmsii,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,665,77,Hy Hedera hibernica,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Major,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,665,80,Ph Helminthotheca echioides,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Major,Medium,Arable and Horticultural,,665,624,Th Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Major,Medium,Neutral Grassland,,665,49,Hc Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,665,35,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,,665,45,Th Lepidium draba,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Major,Medium,Neutral Grassland,,665,325,Hc Pentaglottis sempervirens,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Major,Medium,Neutral Grassland,,665,325,Hc Rubus armeniacus,VC29,Cambridgeshire,Southeast England,26334,Massive,High,Neutral Grassland,,665,389,Ph Alnus cordata,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Minor,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Regenerating abundantly in wetland edge habitats, mainly where originally planted, potential for further sprea",299,22,Ph Azolla filiculoides,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Goes through boom and bust cycles, no evidence of impact especially as favours waterbodies impacted by eutrophication",299,24,Hy Crassula helmsii,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Dominates drawdown habitats and submerged zone of infested ponds and lakes, no scope to eradicate, removes all meaningful niche for annual species and suppresses perennials such as Butomus",299,32,Hy Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Clear catastrophic colonisation of Cooks Stream and River Great Ouse,299,11,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Tends to integrate rather than dominate riparian communities typical of local rivers,299,24,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Moderate,Low,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Spreading rapidly, I am not convinced it is adverse although it definitely makes a higher contribution to cover of ground flora compared with the native",299,30,Ch Lemna minuta,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Minor,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"I have nothing to perceive this species as an issue, it generally dominates in sheltered shady settings where sub-optimal for other macrophytes, elsewhere other duckweeds contribute comparable biomass and compete",299,22,Hy Vinca difformis,VC31,Huntingdonshire,Southeast England,25863,Major,Medium,Neutral Grassland,"Very widely established and often extensively dominant forming thickets, however the likely direct effect is land management i.e. effect not cause of habitat/botanical impact",299,1,Ch Allium paradoxum,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Massive,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,also Broadleaved Woodland,755,25,G Crassula helmsii,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,also llittoral/drawdown zones,755,42,Hy Elodea nuttallii,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Moderate,Low,Rivers and Streams,also standing open water/canals,755,72,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,also Broadleaved Woodland,755,19,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,also Broadleaved Woodland,755,95,Th Pentaglottis sempervirens,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Moderate,Low,Boundary/Linear Features,particularly road verges and urban grassland,755,301,Hc Petasites pyrenaicus,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Massive,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,755,43,G Pinus nigra,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,plantings - unsure of regeneration,755,121,Ph Quercus cerris,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Major,High,Calcareous Grassland,,755,90,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC32,Northamptonshire,Southeast England,25804,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,755,217,Ph Alchemilla mollis,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Minor,High,Neutral Grassland,Becoming widespread in woodland rides and in grassland,425,133,Hc Buddleja davidii,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Major,High,Calcareous Grassland,and other habitats where ousts all native species,425,297,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Moderate,High,Calcareous Grassland,expanding in all open habitats but a problem on limestone cliffs,425,1,Ph Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,widespread in various habitats,425,177,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,also damp grassland well away from water 'smothering' native species,425,208,Th Leycesteria formosa,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Minimal,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,an increasingf alien,425,90,Ph Petasites pyrenaicus,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,roadsides and adjacent habitats eg Wyndcliff calcareous grassland,425,126,G Prunus laurocerasus,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,eradicates all other species,425,167,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,along rivers and adjacent habitats especially in western valleys,425,222,G Symphoricarpos albus,VC35,Monmouthshire,Wales,24692,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,and in broad-leaved woodland at expense of native shrubs,425,179,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,633,31,Hy Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Mainly roadside verges,633,17,G Elodea canadensis,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,633,47,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Riverbanks, roadside and waste-ground",633,28,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,633,51,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,,633,121,Th Lagarosiphon major,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Localy major. Some streams,633,19,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Moderate,High,Other,widespread and varied habitat,633,41,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Extreme concern in some woodlands.,633,51,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC36,Herefordshire,Midlands,24646,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Also patches in woodland,633,123,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland,580,394,Ph Castanea sativa,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland,580,152,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Ponds, Eutrophic Standing Water",580,35,Hy Elodea nuttallii,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Eutrophic Standing Water,580,59,Hy Hedera hibernica,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland; garden cultivar rapid spread ,580,135,Ph Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,includes type and hybrid; Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland; high local impact but narrow geographic spread,580,151,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,"Rivers, Wet woodlands, Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland",580,178,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland,580,176,Ch Lemna minuta,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Ponds, Eutrophic Standing Water",580,128,Hy Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC37,Worcestershire,Midlands,24442,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Ponds; high local impact but narrow geographic spread,580,10,Hy Azolla filiculoides,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Localised, and not persistent, die in hard winters.",693,11,Hy Crassula helmsii,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Common and persistent.,693,43,Hy Elodea canadensis,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Moderate,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Common, a weed of high nutrient pools. ",693,38,Hy Elodea nuttallii,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Moderate,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Common, a weed of high nutrient pools. ",693,42,Hy Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Minor,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Only a few sites, but a serious problem where it occurs. ",693,3,Hy Hypericum x inodorum,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Major,High,Brownfield/Urban,"Very invasive on waste ground, but localised. We have a forest of it near Nuneaton. ",693,26,Ph Impatiens glandulifera,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Very common and a major problem.,693,167,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Increasing and eliminating subsp montanum.,693,276,Ch Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Moderate,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Localised,693,10,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Massive,High,Brownfield/Urban,A major problem in urban areas.,693,159,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC38,Warwickshire,Midlands,24421,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Very localized in north of county. ,693,91,Ph Azolla filiculoides,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,878,34,Hy Crassula helmsii,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,878,79,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Moderate,Low,Rivers and Streams,Banks,878,59,Hc Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,878,19,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Spreading out from banks into woodland and grassland,878,483,Th Lagarosiphon major,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Minor,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Ponds,878,20,Hy Lemna minuta,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,878,223,Hy Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Minor,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Ponds,878,12,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,878,420,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC39,Stafford,Midlands,24081,Major,High,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",Moorland; woodland,878,373,Ph Azolla filiculoides,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Moderate,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Few problems in VC42,554,1,Hy Claytonia sibirica,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,See Epilobium brunnescens,554,25,Th Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Major,Medium,Montane Habitats,Difficult to control and a slow bukld thrteat to important habitats on the peaks,554,10,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Extinction of already rare species at important sites such as Brechfa Pool,554,10,Hy Epilobium brunnescens,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Minimal,Medium,Acid Grassland,mostly harmless,554,110,Hc Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Moderate,Low,Rivers and Streams,I may be biassed in favour - gets eliminated by local action anyway.,554,10,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Local control seems to work. Rarely a major issue in our VC,554,76,Th Prunus laurocerasus,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Moderate,Low,Other,To be honest a harmless casual where we find it.,554,23,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Major,Low,Boundary/Linear Features,Major problem around Ystradgynlais but press exaggerate?,554,89,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC42,Brecon,Wales,22994,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,I've seen the real problem in West Cprk with this and we have nothing like the scale of threat at present.,554,38,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC43,Radnorshire,Wales,22991,Moderate,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Will affect Pillularia globulifera if not removed.,369,8,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC43,Radnorshire,Wales,22991,Moderate,Low,Rivers and Streams,Dominates river banks where it exists.,369,19,Th Reynoutria japonica,VC43,Radnorshire,Wales,22991,Minor,Low,Rivers and Streams,,369,15,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC43,Radnorshire,Wales,22991,Minor,Low,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,369,20,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Massive,High,Inland Rock,"Dominant over many disused limestone quarry sites, some of which are SSSIs",703,72,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Moderate,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Very limited distribution in the county - most problematic site is the Llanelli Wildfowl and Wetlands Centre where it was probably introduced from Slimbridge.,703,11,Hy Elodea canadensis,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Difficult to assess impact on native plant species,703,30,Hy Elodea nuttallii,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Difficult to assess impact on native plant species,703,22,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Limited mainly to river banks and ditch sides on flood plains but increasingly spreading to less wet habitats locally in the county,703,206,Th Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Limited distribution in the county,703,12,Hy Prunus laurocerasus,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,A widespread but local problem in some woodlands ,703,125,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Widespread throughout the county in many habitats where there has been human disturbance - often originates from fly-tipped soil o building materials,703,244,G Rosa rugosa,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,Local but significant coloniser of dry coastal dunes,703,62,Ph Spartina anglica,VC44,Carmarthenshire,Wales,22721,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Pioneer species so unlikely to compete with other or native plant species,703,29,Hel Cupressus lawsoniana,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,599,59,Ph Elodea nuttallii,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,compromising canal (SAC) flora,599,31,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,599,21,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,599,108,Th Picea abies,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Major,Medium,Acid Grassland,Broadleaved mixed woodland,599,111,Ph Picea sitchensis,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Major,Medium,Acid Grassland,"Broadleaved mixed woodland, Dwarf shrub heath",599,242,Ph Pseudotsuga menziesii,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Major,Medium,Acid Grassland,Broadleaved mixed woodland,599,138,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Other non priority habitats e.g. waste ground,599,74,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,599,125,Ph Stratiotes aloides,VC47,Montgomeryshire,Wales,21874,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,compromising canal (SAC) flora,599,13,Hy Carpobrotus edulis,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Minimal,Medium,Littoral habitat,,577,1,Ch Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Moderate,High,Calcareous Grassland,,577,21,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,577,32,Hy Gunnera tinctoria,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Minimal,Low,Arable and Horticultural,,577,4,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,widespread ,577,182,Th Lysichiton americanus,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Minimal,Low,Arable and Horticultural,,577,8,Hc Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Minimal,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,577,7,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,577,142,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,577,116,Ph Spartina anglica,VC50,Denbighshire,Wales,21631,Minor,Medium,Littoral habitat,,577,4,Hel Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,threat to community structure and species eg Newborough Forest,241,20,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Littoral habitat,threat to Helianthemum spp,241,20,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,threat to Pilularia globulifera,241,15,Hy Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,threat to wide range of woodland field and ground layer spp,241,69,Ch Lonicera nitida,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,threat to calcicolous communities in woodlands,241,44,Ph Petasites pyrenaicus,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,threat to species diversity on roadside verges,241,59,G Quercus cerris,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Calcareous Grassland,threat to scarce and rare calcicoles ,241,21,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,locally serious but not that widespread,241,94,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,and dwarf shrub heath,241,44,Ph Rosa rugosa,VC52,Anglesey,Wales,20485,Major,Medium,Littoral habitat,sand dune and shingle,241,56,Ph Azolla filiculoides,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"eutrophic standing waters, can become dominant shading out aquatic macrophytes",829,54,Hy Crassula helmsii,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"mesotrophic lakes,competition with population of Pilularia globulifera and other rare littoral species",829,24,Hy Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,"rivers, a recent invader with a relatively small number of sites on the River Witham, but high potential to impact aquatic macrophytes",829,20,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Occasionally forms moderate sized stands, competing with native vegetation, but most often present as scattered individuals",829,50,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"A frequent garden escape, appearing in native woodland and competing with more species-rich ground flora",829,111,Ch Pentaglottis sempervirens,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"can form dense stands along road verges and on wood edges, out-competing native vegetation",829,257,Hc Petasites pyrenaicus,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"forms extensive colonies, competing with native vegetation, though this is often low quality",829,77,G Reynoutria japonica,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Minor,High,Brownfield/Urban,"Occasionally forms moderate sized stands, often in brownfield sites, competing with native vegetation, but most often present as scattered individuals",829,33,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,dense shading causes changes in shrub layer and ground flora,829,31,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC53,South Lincolnshire,Midlands,20082,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"lowland mixed deciduous woodland, dense growth affects shrub layer and ground flora",829,232,Ph Acer platanoides,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"2 votes, but first recorded here in 1965. 328 tetrads - 6.2 per year",724,391,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"2 votes, but now recorded from 673 tetrads!",724,655,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",5 votes from consultation panel. 1st recorded here in 1981 and has been recorded in 61 of our tetrads,724,58,Hy Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"2 votes, but first recorded here in 1995 and now recorded from 283 tetrads - a spread of 12.3 tetrads per year",724,341,G Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,3 votes from consulation panel. 1st recorded here in 2004. Now recorded from 27 tetrads,724,26,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,"5 votes from consultation panel, but 1st recorded here in 1886 and only ever recorded in 160 of our tetrads",724,139,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,3 votes from consulation panel. 1st recorded here in 1996. Now recorded from 168 tetrads- a spread of 7.6 tetrads per year,724,214,Ch Reynoutria japonica,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"2 votes. First recorded here in 1881. Has been recorded from 195 tetrads, but is usually killed soon after its appearance",724,121,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,4 votes from consultation panel. 1st recorded here in early 1900s. Recorded in 114 tetrads,724,88,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC55,Leicestershire,Midlands,19663,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,3 votes from consulation panel. 1st recorded here in 1884. Now recorded from 446 tetrads.,724,389,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Massive,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland,752,681,Ph Buddleja davidii,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Moderate,Medium,Inland Rock,Inland rock outcrop,752,305,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Massive,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Ponds,752,57,Hy Elodea canadensis,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Ponds,752,79,Hy Fagus sylvatica,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland,752,547,Ph Galanthus nivalis,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Minimal,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland,752,290,G Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland,752,286,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Massive,Medium,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",Rivers (including river banks),752,348,Th Rhododendron ponticum,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland,752,252,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC57,Derbyshire,Midlands,19615,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland,752,391,Ph Bidens frondosa,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Minor,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,800,30,Th Buddleja davidii,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Major,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Waste land,800,210,Ph Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Also canals,800,59,Hc Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,800,27,Hy Impatiens capensis,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Minor,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,800,102,Th Impatiens glandulifera,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Also canals,800,350,Th Koenigia polystachya,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Road verges,800,1,G Lemna minuta,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,800,225,Hy Polypogon viridis,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Moderate,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Pavement & gutters,800,52,Hc Reynoutria japonica,VC58,Cheshire,Midlands,19504,Major,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Waste land,800,288,G Crassula helmsii,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Now well established at numerous sites and difficult if not impossible to eradicate ,847,92,Hy Hedera hibernica,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,This form of Ivy is widely planted and can soon dominate the woodland ground flora,847,556,Ph Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Placed at the top of the list as local people are concerned about the harmful effects of this ppant,847,204,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Add also to this woodlands. ,847,656,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Rapidly increasing soon covering the ground in woodlands and along shaded streambanks nearby to housing,847,383,Ch Nymphoides peltata,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Very invasive along sections of the Lancaster Canal in vc60 and this is probably still the case for the Leeds & Liverpool Canal to the north of Liverpool,847,95,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,I have selected woodland as in Greater Manchester (vc59) this species can be dominated in wooded cloughs and more widely along wooded river banks as can Fallopia x bohemica on wooded banks in Preston vc60 whilst Fallopia sachalinensis can also be dominant in estate woodlands about Abbeystead in vc60 ,847,638,G Rosa rugosa,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Forming dense stands along sections of dunes in vc59 and vc60 ,847,413,Ph Rubus armeniacus,VC59,South Lancaster,Northern England,19350,Massive,High,Brownfield/Urban,"Difficult to define but generally open derelict land, developing woodland and hedgerows, based on field work combined with cytological studies (DP Earl & M Sochor in prep.) this species is considered to hybridise with native species such as Rubus dasyphyllus in vc59 whilst at Preston vc60 there are suspected hybrids of Rubus armeniacus x Rubus tuberculatus with a ploidy level of x 7. Note that high ploidy level Rubus species are very invasive. ",847,606,Ph Azolla filiculoides,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Occurs intermittently of major drainage channels. Impacts not assessed,870,4,Hy Crassula helmsii,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Loss of marginal flora,870,7,Hy Elodea nuttallii,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minor,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Impacts not assessed but there appears to displace E. canadensis,870,35,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minimal,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Mainly urban. Control measures more damaging than the plant.,870,26,Hc Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minimal,Low,Rivers and Streams,Only recently first recorded. Impact not assessed,870,1,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minor,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Only one problem site in a SSSI reed bed undergoing control programme,870,86,Th Lemna minuta,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minimal,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Rapid spread across VC. Impacts not assessed,870,26,Hy Polypogon viridis,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minimal,High,Brownfield/Urban,Urban. very rapid expansion of range. No impacts yet evident.,870,35,Hc Reynoutria japonica,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minimal,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Mainly urban. Small populations,870,44,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC61,South-east Yorkshire,Northern England,19118,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Occurs in Victorian plantations. Impact is loss of understorey,870,45,Ph Buddleja davidii,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Minor,Medium,Inland Rock,,926,210,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,926,21,Hy Elodea nuttallii,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,926,14,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,926,50,Hc Hirschfeldia incana,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Minor,Medium,Inland Rock,,926,79,Th Impatiens glandulifera,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,,926,254,Th Reynoutria japonica,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Massive,High,Inland Rock,,926,87,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,926,115,Ph Solidago canadensis,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,926,24,Hc Symphoricarpos albus,VC62,North-east Yorkshire,Northern England,18726,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,926,272,Ph Alchemilla mollis,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Moderate,Low,Calcareous Grassland,"Perceived threat to native Alchemilla and other grassland flora, can also dominate to an even greater degree on mineral substrates (e.g. old quarries), but hard to separate from effects of sub-optimal habitat management (vigour cause or effect), no doubt it is spreading fast and consolidating",1009,188,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Clear dominance of riparian habitats when in growth, but as summer dormant consequences uncertain",1009,40,G Crassula helmsii,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Complete dominance of drawdown zone where eradicable, likely consequences for drawdown specialist perhaps not loss but much reduced bioabundance, consequences for invertebrates of open substrates?",1009,44,Hy Hedera hibernica,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Rampant and luxuriant even compared to helix, uncertainty of impact given lack of knowledge of vegetation prior to establishment",1009,71,Ph Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Minor,Low,Rivers and Streams,"Where abundant there is a clear shade impact on riparian flora, but at landscape scale seems less significant",1009,61,Hc Hydrocotyle ranunculoides,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Massive,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Early stages of colonisation in downstream species poor river reaches, implications greater if reaches upstream locations or canals",1009,4,Hy Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Potential impact seems overstated, can form large stands but generally in degraded urban edge habitats, does not obviously exclude typical woodland flora",1009,116,Ch Reynoutria japonica,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,1009,105,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,1009,142,Ph Rubus armeniacus,VC64,Mid-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18361,Minor,Low,Neutral Grassland,"Very abundant and vigorous, but not as extensive and dominant as further south, again land management probably cause and the spread of the Rubus is the effect",1009,111,Ph Alchemilla mollis,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Widespread on some road verges and spreading,697,56,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"Becomes dominant on roadsides from 1 clump in 1960's to 3 miles worth, near Croft",697,9,G Alopecurus myosuroides,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Minor,High,Improved Grassland,"Becoming common in pastures in south of the County, agricultural pest",697,7,Th Buddleja davidii,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Becomes dominant shrub on shingle banks,697,33,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Becomes dominant in ponds etc. to detriment of other sp,697,9,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Completely shaded out areas of riverbank above Boroughbridge,697,17,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,"Erosion of riverbanks, shades out native sp.",697,118,Th Pentaglottis sempervirens,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Widespread on some road verges and woodlands, becomes dominant",697,39,Hc Symphytum tuberosum,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Minimal,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Widespread down the River Tees,697,6,Hc Symphytum x uplandicum,VC65,North-west Yorkshire,Northern England,18155,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Becomes dominant on some verges,697,52,Hc Lemna minuta,VC66,Durham,Northern England,18060,Major,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,possibly shaded out Frogbit at its only native vc site.,749,24,Hy Acer pseudoplatanus,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,invasive,983,544,Ph Aegopodium podagraria,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,serious weed,983,314,Hc Alchemilla mollis,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,spreads from seed v readily,983,119,Hc Crassula helmsii,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Moderate,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"recent arrival, blocking some water bodies e.g. reservoirs",983,29,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"annual, impact on spring flora slight",983,86,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"no native here, spreads rapidly smothering veg",983,45,Ch Pentaglottis sempervirens,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,forms huge clumps,983,72,Hc Picea abies,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Major,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,ditto,983,158,Ph Picea sitchensis,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Major,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,sowing from planted forest,983,270,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC67,Northumberland South,Northern England,18044,Moderate,Low,Boundary/Linear Features,invasive,983,175,Ph Acaena novae-zelandiae,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Burrs on sheeps' wool potentially fatal,513,50,Ch Alchemilla mollis,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"Spreads along road verges, usually from village gardens.",513,86,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,At its most invasive i wet woods in the Tweed catchment where it can be completely dominant.,513,61,G Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,513,34,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,,513,45,Th Pinus sylvestris,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,"Self seeds commonly on sand dunes, leading, if not removed, to shading out of other plants and eventual long-term changes.",513,363,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Minimal,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Surprisingly non-invasive in our area. Although well-established does not tend te spread.,513,34,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Covers huge areas, exterminating every other living thing!",513,126,Ph Rosa rugosa,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Can reproduce vegetatively quickly and cover large areas if left uncontrolled.,513,43,Ph Sedum album,VC68,Cheviotland,Northern England,17983,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Where S. anglicum used to grow populations have been virtually entirely replaced by S. album. Not only on walls but also native rock.,513,115,Ch Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Moderate,High,Inland Rock,Often includes priority habitats. Both C. horizontalis and C. integrifolius can shade out/overwhelm native species but in limited areas.,816,30,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Moderate,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Can include priority habitats. Can overwhelm native vegetation but may be self-limiting.,816,33,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Includes priority habitat. Overwhelming some native species.,816,148,Th Picea sitchensis,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Moderate,High,Bogs,Appearing in bogs and mires - a problem for the future.,816,163,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Occurs in limited areas but can overwhelm native vegetation. Seems to be controllable.,816,121,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Includes priority habitat.Can shade out native species.,816,153,Ph Rosa rugosa,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,A problem in coastal sand dunes (priority habitat). Spreading rapidly and overwhelming native species.,816,39,Ph Sarracenia purpurea,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Moderate,High,Bogs,Spreading vigorously but in limited areas which may be priority habitats.,816,2,Hc Spartina anglica,VC69,Westmorland,Northern England,17716,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,Appearing in areas where not seen before including priority habitats.,816,29,Hel Acer pseudoplatanus,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,replacing native trees like Wych Elm and Ash,813,198,Ph Claytonia sibirica,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Moderate,Low,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,competes for space in herb layer but no evidence of decline of other sp. ,813,86,Th Epilobium brunnescens,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Minor,Medium,Montane Habitats,Found widely in natural and man made habitat but not certainly excluding other higher plants,813,147,Hc Erythranthe,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Moderate,Low,Rivers and Streams,Widely distributed on river and stream sediments but not clearly outcompeting native flora,813,86,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Excludes other vegetation in wet lowland habitats lacking grazing,813,57,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Very competative becoming dominant in shaded habitats,813,30,Ch Picea sitchensis,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Massive,High,Bogs,Shading and drying to bogs and non forested habitat from self seeding,813,204,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Excludes other bankside vegetation locally. Has been subject to control but not sure what recovery takes place,813,52,G Symphytum x uplandicum,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Can exclude native vegetation but may profit from changes as a result of eutrophication,813,64,Hc Tolmiea menziesii,VC72,Dumfrieshire,Scottish lowlands,17213,Minor,Low,Rivers and Streams,Locally dominant colonizer of stream and river bank vegetation and may exclude natives ,813,28,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Supresses smaller ASNW spp. Also on edges of woodland,693,2,G Azolla filiculoides,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Spreading slowly; overwhelms native aquatics,693,3,Hy Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Often planted by FCS but spreading rapidly,693,1,Ph Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Minimal,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Increasingly recorded; scattered, as yet not problematic generally",693,72,G Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Out-competes native bluebell,693,16,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Dense monoculture: currently being eradicated,693,38,Th Lagarosiphon major,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Minimal,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Currently only one record, but eradication in place",693,3,Hy Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Reduction & extinction of bluebell & ASNW spp.,693,64,Ch Lysichiton americanus,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Currently being eradicated but effective monocultural,693,7,Hc Picea sitchensis,VC73,Kirkudbrightshire,Scottish lowlands,17099,Moderate,Medium,Bogs,Drying of ground and reduction of bog spp.,693,208,Ph Acaena novae-zelandiae,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Minimal,Medium,Arable and Horticultural,Burrs on sheeps' wool potentially fatal,666,1,Ch Cortaderia selloana,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Minimal,High,Boundary/Linear Features,starting to appear more,666,4,Hc Erythranthe,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Minimal,High,Rivers and Streams,local populations but not widespread,666,119,Hc Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,persistent spread,666,41,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,"sustained, gradual localised increase",666,56,Th Lysichiton americanus,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,slowly occurring more,666,7,Hc Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Minor,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,local occurrences,666,1,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,rapid local spread forming monoculture,666,114,G Reynoutria sachalinensis,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,local populations spreading slightly,666,3,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC77,Lanarkshire,Scottish lowlands,16249,Minimal,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"local spread within managed grounds, but little in the wild",666,90,Ph Doronicum pardalianches,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Suppresses native spring flora.,292,14,Hc Erythranthe,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Suppresses stream side vegetation, principally along upland watercourses ",292,78,Hc Galanthus nivalis,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Forms dense patches early in the year.,292,28,G Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Moderate,Medium,Improved Grassland,Hybridisation with the native Bluebells near habitation is very common,292,24,G Lysichiton americanus,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"This is perhaps an emerging problem,the plants seed readily and need to be controlled before they become too numerous.",292,8,Hc Picea sitchensis,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Major,High,Montane Habitats,Self sown trees invading many upland habitats.,292,137,Ph Sambucus racemosa,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Replacing Sambucus nigra in many woodland and scrub habitats.,292,86,Ph Symphytum x uplandicum,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Suppresses native plants along most watercourses.,292,38,Hc Tolmiea menziesii,VC78,Peebles,Scottish lowlands,16026,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Together with Tellima grandiflora it forms large patches of dense foliage in wet woodland which suppresses native plants.,292,10,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Found in Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland and also Upland Mixed Ashwood.,222,11,G Elodea canadensis,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Problem in Mesotrophic Lochs and Eutrophic Lochs, tends to decline after a period of rapid expansion, otherwise would be described as major.",222,17,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Associated with Lowland Mixed deciduous woodland in alluvial situations due to seed dispersal. Less weidespread in Selkirkshire as more up stream in the Tweed catchment than Roxburghshire, which is more affected by this species.",222,7,Th Picea sitchensis,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Massive,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,Colonises upland heathland and blanket bog associated with coniferous plantation.,222,64,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,222,4,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Less of an issue in Selkirkshire, than more oceanic areas further west.",222,17,Ph Sambucus racemosa,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Seems to be encouraged by disturbance in woodland, particularly forestry operations.",222,24,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Moderate,High,Other,Only forms localised patches from planted stock. Not thought to be spreading by seed.,222,13,Ph Symphytum x uplandicum,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Found in Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland and also Upland Mixed Ashwood.,222,16,Hc Tolmiea menziesii,VC79,Selkirk,Scottish lowlands,15921,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Less of an issue in Selkirkshire than in Roxburgshire, possibly due to more upstream location in Tweed catchment. ",222,7,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mainly impacts Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland, also Upland Mixed Ashwood. Of particular concern for Gagea lutea as both early in leaf.",524,82,G Elodea canadensis,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Impacts mainly mesotrophic lochs. Would have been listed as Massive, but seems to decline after initial period of abundance.",524,43,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mainly impacts Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland, also Upland Mixed Ahswoodland, particularly restricted to alluvial woodland due to seed dispersal.",524,47,Th Picea sitchensis,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Massive,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,Impacts a variety of upland habitats associated with forestry including upland heathland and Blanket Bog.,524,194,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Does not seem to become abundant, except perhaps in a few places. Less certain of the impact of this species, but appears quite low.",524,30,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Only very locally in the vice county does it get so abundant as to be a problem. Not such a concern as further west.,524,46,Ph Sambucus racemosa,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Possibly more of a concern than the above species. Appears to spread after forestry operations eg thinning.,524,34,Ph Sedum album,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Moderate,Medium,Inland Rock,May be having an impact in limited lowland rocky habitats.,524,18,Ch Symphytum x uplandicum,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mainly impacts Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland, also Upland Mixed Ashwood.",524,74,Hc Tolmiea menziesii,VC80,Roxburgh,Scottish lowlands,15661,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mainly impacts Lowland Mixed Deciduous woodland, also Upland Mixed ash woodland. Seems to be more of an issue in Lanarkshire woodlands.",524,13,Hc Acer pseudoplatanus,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Reduced diversity of vernal woodland flora,362,158,Ph Allium paradoxum,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Loss of vernal woodland flora,362,81,G Centranthus ruber,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Major,High,Littoral habitat,"Loss of species-rich calcareous grassland, rock ledges and scree",362,20,Ch Doronicum pardalianches,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Loss of vernal woodland flora,362,39,Hc Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Reduced populations of riparian flora,362,36,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Changes in structure of riparian flora,362,40,Th Picea sitchensis,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Major,Medium,Bogs,Damage to raised bogs,362,120,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Reduced populations of riparian flora,362,34,G Sedum album,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Major,High,Inland Rock,Reduced diversity of rock ledges and scree,362,28,Ch Symphoricarpos albus,VC81,Berwickshire,Scottish lowlands,15434,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Reduced diversity of vernal woodland flora,362,54,Ph Allium paradoxum,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Forms dense monocultures which dominate areas of river banks, stream banks, waysides (including hedgerows), lowland mixed deciduous woodlands & gardens, out-competing other plant species in these areas.",299,72,G Buddleja davidii,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Moderate,Medium,Inland Rock,"Spreads on open sites, rocky waste ground, building sites, railway banks, walls, buildings & ruins. Out-competes ground flora, but attracts butterflies & bees, so popular with the general public. Damages walls & buildings, so removed when necessary.",299,74,Ph Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Spreads on river banks, waysides (including railway banks), waste ground & in fields, sometimes forming ""forests"". Sap harmful to humans in sunlight. Eradication &/or control schemes are in progress.",299,62,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Increasingly common along waysides (including hedgerows) & in lowland mixed deciduous woodland, parks & gardens. H. hispanica seldom seen in the wild. H. non-scripta remains deeper in woods (further from human habitations) & in a cleugh in the hills.",299,115,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Spreads along river banks, & in damp ground generally, forming dense colonies & out-competing other plant species. Eradication &/or control schemes are in progress, e.g. along the Water of Leith, in Corstorphine Woods & on Corstorphine Hill.",299,62,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Carpets areas in hedgerows & woodlands (lowland mixed deciduous woodland), out-competing other ground flora species in these areas.",299,53,Ch Reynoutria japonica,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Spreads vegetatively on river banks, waysides & waste ground, forming dense colonies & out-competing other plant species. Eradication &/or control schemes are in progress, e.g. along the Water of Leith.",299,81,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Spreads in woodlands, where it was originally planted for game cover, e.g. on Estates (lowland mixed deciduous woodland). Reduces ground flora. Eradication &/or control schemes are in progress.",299,89,Ph Rubus spectabilis,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Spreads in woodlands, where it was originally planted for game cover (lowland mixed deciduous woodland). Reduces ground flora. Eradication &/or control schemes are in progress, e.g. in Corstorphine Woods & on Corstorphine Hill.",299,22,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC83,Midlothian,Scottish lowlands,15049,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Forma thickets on waysides & waste ground, & in woodlands (lowland mixed deciduous woodland) & scrub, out-competing ground flora.",299,122,Ph Allium paradoxum,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Starting to spread. Also on roadsides,464,19,G Elodea nuttallii,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minimal,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Recently found in 2 lochs. Not spreading at the moment,464,9,Hy Gunnera tinctoria,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minimal,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,One or two patches in private gardens,464,1,G Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Controlled when found to be a problem,464,28,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minimal,High,Rivers and Streams,Well controlled,464,55,Th Lysichiton americanus,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minimal,High,Rivers and Streams,Not recorded,464,1,Hc Myriophyllum aquaticum,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minimal,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Not recorded,464,1,Hy Myriophyllum heterophyllum,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minimal,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Not recorded,464,1,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Well controlled,464,53,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC85,Fife,Scottish lowlands,14621,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Usually on private estates only,464,57,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Upland mixed ashwood, Lowland mixed deciduous woodland, Upland oakwood: Assessed between 3 and 4 and given lower rating because of its potential benefits, e.g. in providing resilience in woodland habitats in face of Ash Dieback. Acer platanoides not included in this list of 10 spp. but natural regen of this species increasingly often seen in county and may become a more significant component of SN woodland in coming decades, impacts expected to be lower than historical sycamore invasion of native woodland.",390,168,Ph Allium paradoxum,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Major,Low,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Rivers: clearly competes directly with A. ursinum in semi-natural riparian habitats and likely to contribute to exclusion of a number of native species, e.g. C. oppositifolium, L. nemorum, Carex remota etc. Perhaps reversible impacts theoretically, but in reality?",390,10,G Claytonia sibirica,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Moderate,Low,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Wet Woodland, Lowland mixed deciduous woodland, Rivers: One of the county's top 10 most recorded alien plants and too frequent not to be having significant impact but this appears to be subtle and difficult to quantify, often present as component of reasonably spp. rich ground floras but can be locally dominant",390,69,Th Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Major,Low,Rivers and Streams,"Rivers, Lowland Fen: Some very significant stands in lowland valleys in vc86 some of which could potentially support species rich lowland riparian semi-natural vegetation. Perceived impact great but evidence for what these stands have replaced or colonised has not been researched by me. In some cases it will be Impatiens stands.",390,30,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Moderate,Low,Rivers and Streams,"Rivers, Lowland Fen: difficult to assess impact level as it is naturalised component of lowland riparian vegetation and we do not have good data on historical diversity on these sites. On many sites its stands are not as monodominant as they outwardly appear.",390,58,Th Lysichiton americanus,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Massive,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Wet woodland: e.g, in W7 replacing mixed vegetation of Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Carex remota, Allium ursinum, Cardamine amara etc. rated as 5 although impacts to date are localised, risk is perceived very high. Don't know about the evidence for reversibility of impacts but they would certainly be very long term and I think eradication may also be very disruptive in a fragile habitat.",390,5,Hc Picea sitchensis,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Major,Low,Dwarf Shrub Heath,"scattered natural regen in uplands changes structure of open SN habitats but with unknown and probably complex effects (cd be positives for woodland spp. moving uphill and -ve for ground nesting waders etc) - assessment refers to naturally regenerating populations on non-woodland sites which include Upland Heathland sites and montane habitats (self sown trees increasingly common above perceived native treeline in vcc 86 and 99) . Impact 5 for planted forestry stands on Upland Oakwood, Upland Birchwood and Upland Heathland sites and montane habitats PHs and fen, marsh and swamp habitats generally.",390,99,Ph Prunus laurocerasus,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Moderate,Low,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Lowland mixed deciduous woodland: much less frequently recorded than Rhododendron ponticum but with tsimilar effcets in lowland woodland to those of Rhododendron in upland woodland PHs, in particular shading of ground flora and epiphytic habitats for lichens etc",390,23,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Upland oakwood: impacts on vascular plant field layer as well as lower plant assemblages,390,89,Ph Tolmiea menziesii,VC86,Stirling,Scottish lowlands,14493,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Wet woodland, Upland mixed ashwood: rated 4 not 5 because I do not know about theoretical reversibility of impacts, not yet common in vc86 but potential impact and concern level both rated 'massive'. Observed ability of the plant in vc86 to rapidly invade high quality semi-natural woodland (i.e. without facilitation from disturbance or degradation of new habitat) and completely outcompete pre-existing native field layer.",390,18,Hc Acaena novae-zelandiae,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Moderate,High,Other,Burrs on sheeps' wool potentially fatal,452,21,Ch Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,More of an issue in the east of VC along all major rivers & some tributaries.,452,32,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,. Mostly by water courses but also along roads in the ditch,452,36,Th Koenigia campanulata,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Often on the side of roads near houses forming dense patches swamping any other vegetation..oten,452,15,Hc Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Can get large patches which swamp any native plants.,452,25,Ch Lysichiton americanus,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Spreading from gardens into lochs and then into the river systems. Have been watching this plant spread for the last 20 years.,452,16,Hc Picea abies,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Also threatens upland heath which could be come more of an issue over time.,452,108,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Work has been going on to control this plant.,452,41,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Throughout VC but particularly in the west.,452,122,Ph Tolmiea menziesii,VC87,West Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,14141,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,This plant and Tellima grandifolia both appear and form large patches to the detriment of ntive species,452,12,Hc Aegopodium podagraria,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Perhaps not obvious, but it is persistent where it has colonised and prevents colonisation by native species in woodland or in mesotrophic grassland..",1030,223,Hc Alchemilla mollis,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Moderate,High,Improved Grassland,"This species has spread considerably in recent years across the Vice-county and its ability to spread is alarming. Colonisation is followed by displacement of native species. A. mollis has persisted at the Lochan na Lairige dam near Ben Lawers for 23 years without spreading further. Hopefully, it has reached the limits of possible spread.",1030,65,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,"Now extremely invasive on lowland riverbanks, outcompeting other species, some affecting native riparian woodland.",1030,31,G Elodea canadensis,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Massive,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Probable local extinctions, extensive restructuring of communities. It is present in many water bodies and probably under-recorded. Reported as a problem in Lunan Valley lochs in Vc89.",1030,44,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,"Its effect is localised where it is not controlled, otherwise the impact would be moderate.",1030,24,Hc Lupinus x regalis x nootkatensis,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,"Massive, but localised. Colonisation took place at a favourable point in time at locations where populations subsequently expanded. This has led to displacement of native species and erosion of river shingle resulting in loss of habitat for some native species. One example is the River Tay at Murthly in Vc88, replicated on the north bank in Vc89 at Caputh. There does not appear to be any recent colonisation of riverbanks.",1030,2,Hc Lysichiton americanus,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Colonisation displaces native species. Further spread of this species is likely to result in greater impacts.,1030,3,Hc Picea sitchensis,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Minor,High,Montane Habitats,"This species is more extensively recorded, including natural regeneration. Seed dispersal may be long travelled; for instance,15 saplings were recorded on Stuc a' Chroin at 760m AOD, near a Threatened Plant Project site. The future spread of this weed from North America needs to be monitored, as maturing natural regeneraion will have a greater impact, maturing plantations will be producing more seed and this species is gaining popularity for its rates of growth and is being hailed as an antidote to climate change.",1030,250,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,"Shades out native species on banks of lowland rivers, the cause of erosion, sometimes severe, with loss of habitat.",1030,46,G Tolmiea menziesii,VC88,Mid Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,13263,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,"Massive impact, but localised to muddy backwaters, especially on the River Tay system, where native species are displaced.",1030,31,Hc Claytonia sibirica,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Minimal,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland (UK BAP),553,66,Th Crassula helmsii,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Backwater of R Tay, has taken over the mud",553,2,Hy Doronicum pardalianches,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Hedgerows (UK BAP), lowland mixed deciduous woodland (UK BAP)",553,23,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed dexiduous woodland (UK BAP),553,21,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,River banks (UK BAP priority). Solid stands down the R Tay. Has been controlled along the Lunan Burn,553,43,Th Lysichiton americanus,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Ponds (UK BAP),553,5,Hc Reynoutria japonica,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,River banks (UK BAP priority). Has been extensively controlled,553,22,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Policy woodlands, beech woodlands",553,50,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Can form dense thickets, spreading very quickly to replace all vegetation",553,42,Ph Tellima grandiflora,VC89,East Perth,Scottish highlands and islands,12832,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Solid stand throughout a wooded ravine,553,8,Hc Allium paradoxum,VC90,Angus,Scottish lowlands,12578,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Sometimes occurs in open habitats and frequent along wooded river banks,653,22,G Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC90,Angus,Scottish lowlands,12578,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Treatments (herbicides) are used in the county to reduce numbers. However, the herbicides, though effective, may damage other wildlife",653,24,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC90,Angus,Scottish lowlands,12578,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Locally this species is having a high impact but overall impacts are probably moderate but could get worse,653,50,Th Rhododendron ponticum,VC90,Angus,Scottish lowlands,12578,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,This shrub may be increasing in the county but impacts appear to be low. It also occurs in conifer plantations.,653,39,Ph Erythranthe,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,306,47,Hc Gaultheria shallon,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Minimal,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,306,5,Ph Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,1 allium oleraceum colony,306,13,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,306,35,G Impatiens glandulifera,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Minor,Low,Rivers and Streams,,306,33,Th Reynoutria japonica,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Moderate,High,Brownfield/Urban,"waste ground, woodland",306,46,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,306,67,Ph Sambucus racemosa,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,306,26,Ph Spiraea,VC91,Kincardine,Scottish lowlands,12289,Minimal,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,roadsides,306,31,Ph Epilobium brunnescens,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Minimal,Medium,Inland Rock,Some areas where this plant is abundant at a very small scale but no cleara evidence of impacts.,834,128,Hc Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Dense clusters in a few areas on mosaic or riparian habitats. Generally localised.,834,48,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,A few areas where native vegetation on riparian habitat mosaics is replaced. Generally localised.,834,25,Th Lysichiton americanus,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,"Small, localised replacement of native vegetation in a few mainly riparian habitats.",834,13,Hc Petasites albus,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Localised replacement of native vegetation mainly in woods,834,54,G Picea sitchensis,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Moderate,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,"Asuming you include planted trees, but even if not, there are numerouse examples of self-seeding into moors, bogs and grassland",834,358,Ph Pinus contorta,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Moderate,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,As for Sitka - planted and self-seeding into native habitats. ,834,117,Ph Ranunculus subg. Batrachium,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Minor,Low,Rivers and Streams,Some water crowfoot spp have spread into the river Dee causing local replacement of native aquatic vegetation. Mostly reported.,834,66,Hy Reynoutria japonica,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Moderate,Medium,Other,Causes small local replacement of native vegetation in a range of habitats,834,60,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC92,South Aberdeen,Scottish lowlands,12202,Minimal,High,Other,"Not common in VC92, so no real significant impact on any scale",834,116,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,506,178,Ph Allium paradoxum,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,506,24,G Doronicum pardalianches,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,506,50,Hc Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,506,46,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,506,78,G Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Moderate,Medium,Other,Very persistent and spreading where dumped,506,20,Ch Myrrhis odorata,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Major,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Especially road verges + river banks,506,108,Hc Petasites albus,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Major,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,506,52,G Rubus spectabilis,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,506,22,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,VC94,Banffshire,Scottish lowlands,12019,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,506,62,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC95,Moray,Scottish lowlands,11257,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,,494,58,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC95,Moray,Scottish lowlands,11257,Major,High,Coniferous Woodland,Also broad-leaved woodland,494,115,Ph Claytonia sibirica,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,206,45,Th Elodea canadensis,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Potamogeton praelongus ext or much reduced,206,9,Hy Galanthus nivalis,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,206,27,G Petasites pyrenaicus,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,lowland mixed decid.,206,9,G Picea sitchensis,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Major,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,lowland and upland heath,206,119,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,coastal veg. shingle; previously developed land,206,73,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Massive,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,also BL woodland; low and upland heath,206,89,Ph Rubus spectabilis,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,206,41,Ph Tolmiea menziesii,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,riparian woodland,206,18,Hc Tsuga heterophylla,VC100,Clyde Isles,Scottish highlands and islands,9478,Moderate,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,lowland heath,206,30,Ph Buddleja davidii,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Minimal,High,Brownfield/Urban,Occurs anywhere there is disturbed ground but as individuals,414,37,Ph Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Road verges; in some places dominant,414,67,G Epilobium brunnescens,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"On tracks, wet crags, etc.",414,108,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Usually road verges,414,16,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Usually roadsides,414,4,Ch Lysichiton americanus,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Major,Medium,Littoral habitat,One estuary in VC where major impact; found occasionally elsewhere,414,13,Hc Picea sitchensis,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Impacts on range of habitats, e.g. deciduous woodland, mires, wetlands, grassland, dwarf shrub heath",414,139,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Major,Medium,Littoral habitat,,414,26,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC101,Kintyre,Scottish highlands and islands,9252,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Impacts on upland oak woodland,414,127,Ph Impatiens glandulifera,VC102,South Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7465,Minimal,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,408,1,Th Reynoutria japonica,VC102,South Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7465,Minor,Low,Brownfield/Urban,"Waste ground, Just above MHWM",408,11,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC102,South Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7465,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,408,41,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Garden escape now found widely scattered on rocky ground from coast to hills,444,12,Ph Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"Introduced on Coll, Tiree and Mull and spreading",444,55,G Epilobium brunnescens,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Major,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Frequent in both upland and lowland open stony areas,444,160,Hc Epilobium ciliatum,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Minor,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Mainly disturbed places,444,24,Hc Larix x marschlinsii,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Major,Medium,Coniferous Woodland,Planted in forestry areas and seeding,444,25,Ph Lysichiton americanus,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Coastal and under wet scrub on Mull,444,3,Hc Papaver cambricum,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Moderate,Medium,Brownfield/Urban,Seeds everywhere especially in disturbed places,444,27,Hc Picea sitchensis,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Massive,High,Coniferous Woodland,Planted in forestry areas on Mull and seeding,444,124,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Introduced and spreading mainly Mull,444,58,Ph Rubus spectabilis,VC103,Mid Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7380,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Garden escape on Mull and spreading along roadsides,444,4,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Major,High,Inland Rock,and coastal strip. Locally very dominant,711,46,Ph Crassula helmsii,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Only significant at one site but there no other plant life coexists.,711,3,Hy Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Highly dominant locally on roadsides and coastal strips,711,144,G Epilobium brunnescens,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Moderate,High,Montane Habitats,It's everywhere but on the Trotternish Ridge it is occupying niches for Saxifraga nivalis etc.,711,432,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Occasional patches on roadsides but spread through a large area of bracken where once there was presumably grassland.,711,25,Th Lysichiton americanus,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Minimal,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Minimal impact so far but could become a problem,711,2,Hc Picea sitchensis,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Roadsides but also moorland.,711,249,Ph Pinus contorta,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Roadsides and moorland,711,129,Ph Reynoutria japonica,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Mostly roadside but some stands elsewhere,711,50,G Rhododendron ponticum,VC104,North Ebudes,Scottish highlands and islands,7225,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,711,114,Ph Claytonia sibirica,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Minimal,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,970,24,Th Epilobium brunnescens,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Moderate,Medium,Montane Habitats,,970,322,Hc Erythranthe,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,970,38,Hc Heracleum mantegazzianum,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Minor,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,970,10,Hc Hyacinthoides x massartiana,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,970,55,G Petasites albus,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Moderate,Medium,Neutral Grassland,,970,34,G Picea sitchensis,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Minimal,Medium,Coniferous Woodland,,970,397,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,970,124,Ph Spartina anglica,VC106,East Ross,Scottish highlands and islands,6546,Minor,Medium,Littoral habitat,,970,7,Hel Acaena ovalifolia,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Massive,High,Dwarf Shrub Heath,"Upland heath, but also in stream beds, rock outcrops, and on verges and tracks. Very invasive in a range of habitats especially in the North Harris SSSI where it excludes more or less everything else. Hard to eradicate.",1207,12,Ch Cortaderia richardii,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Moderate,Medium,Bogs,"self-seeding onto blanket bog, where it forms tussocks which exclude other species, but not yet at sufficient density to affect native habitat structure ",1207,36,Hc Cotoneaster integrifolius,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Moderate,High,Littoral habitat,"inland rock outcrop and scree habitats. Spreading onto cliffs in several places and self-seeding freely. Relatively upright growth form means it has smaller effect on neighbouring vegetation, but does redceu establishment sites; forming dense screens on coastal rocks in a few places. There were few natives in these habitats beforehand, so effect rather minor.",1207,8,Ph Elodea canadensis,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes; mesotrophic lakes. Has large populations in one series of basins in S Uist and forms dense stands which radically reduce native species abundance. Likely reposnible for local population extinctions of Najas flexilis, Poatmogeton rutilus (but hard to survey these and be sure), ",1207,12,Hy Gaultheria mucronata,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Major,Low,Bogs,"showing signs of spreading into bog and ditch habitats in Lewis, but not yet clear whether it will become problematic; forms small thickets which exclude other species.",1207,7,Ph Gunnera tinctoria,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Major,High,Bogs,"Blanket bog; also in flushes, grasslands and on verges. Self-seeding very freely in some areas, can be eradicated. Generally reluctant to move from anthropic habitats (verges etc) but problematic when it does",1207,50,G Koenigia polystachya,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Major,High,Improved Grassland,"coastal grassland and improved grassland. Excludes everything where it forms dense patches, but amenable to weedkiller treatments.",1207,6,G Picea sitchensis,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Moderate,High,Inland Rock,inland rock outcrop and scree habitats. Self-seeding particularly in Valtos Glen (Gleann Bhaltois) where it is modifying the habitat and using sites for regeneration/spread of cliff species.,1207,75,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,VC110,Outer Hebrides,Scottish highlands and islands,5786,Massive,High,Inland Rock,"Particularly on islands in lochs where it forms dense thickets and excludes understorey vegetation, also to some extent in blanket bog and on cliffs.",1207,59,Ph Alchemilla mollis,VC111,Orkney,Scottish highlands and islands,3934,Major,High,Neutral Grassland,"Mostly unproblematic in disturbed habits, but spreading rapidly and suppressing native flora in rare Lowland Meadows",511,28,Hc Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,VC111,Orkney,Scottish highlands and islands,3934,Minor,High,Neutral Grassland,"Probably the most frequently occurring non-native, persisting and reproducing from garden throw-outs, but never abundant",511,113,G Elodea canadensis,VC111,Orkney,Scottish highlands and islands,3934,Moderate,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Has become common, with occasional spikes to massive infestations in Eutrophic and Mesotrophic lakes, including SSSIs/SAC. Long term effect unknown",511,19,Hy Koenigia campanulata,VC111,Orkney,Scottish highlands and islands,3934,Moderate,High,Neutral Grassland,Scarce. Very locally dominant,511,8,Hc Reynoutria japonica,VC111,Orkney,Scottish highlands and islands,3934,Minimal,High,Other,Scarce. Seems not to thrive in far north.,511,14,G Rubus spectabilis,VC111,Orkney,Scottish highlands and islands,3934,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Highly invasive in native Salix scrub, replacing native woody species and herbs. Probably does not qualify as 'Wet woodland' Priority habitat but a local priority habitat nonetheless.",511,29,Ph Typha latifolia,VC111,Orkney,Scottish highlands and islands,3934,Minor,High,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",Not native in this VC. Rare. Very locally dominant in large and small stands.,511,9,Hy Allium triquetrum,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Completely changing habitat of road banks,675,454,G Azolla filiculoides,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Moderate,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Shading out native species,675,19,Hy Elodea canadensis,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Minor,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Not sure of doing harm or not,675,25,Hy Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Shading out native species,675,249,Ch Lemna minuta,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Moderate,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Shading out native species,675,154,Hy Prunus laurocerasus,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Shading out native species,675,467,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Replacing native species,675,370,G Rhododendron ponticum,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Completely shading out native species,675,186,Ph Spartina anglica,H12,Wexford,Ireland,2382,Minor,Low,Littoral habitat,Not sure if doing harm or not,675,46,Hel Impatiens glandulifera,H14, Laois,Ireland,1724,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,460,9,Th Picea sitchensis,H14, Laois,Ireland,1724,Moderate,Medium,Bogs,,460,80,Ph Pinus contorta,H14, Laois,Ireland,1724,Moderate,Medium,Bogs,,460,15,Ph Prunus laurocerasus,H14, Laois,Ireland,1724,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,460,32,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H14, Laois,Ireland,1724,Major,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,460,63,G Rhododendron ponticum,H14, Laois,Ireland,1724,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,460,13,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,H14, Laois,Ireland,1724,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,460,50,Ph Epilobium brunnescens,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Moderate,Medium,Other,Long established non-native,685,78,Hc Epilobium pedunculare,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Moderate,Medium,Coniferous Woodland,Mainly confined to tracks in conifer woodland but still spreading,685,14,Hc Gunnera tinctoria,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Major,High,Other,Invades wet grassland mainly,685,65,G Juncus planifolius,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Mainly a species of wet ditches in H16,685,44,Hc Koenigia polystachya,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Mainly grassy roadsides in H16,685,13,G Lagarosiphon major,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Confined to Lough Corrib,685,22,Hy Mentha requienii,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Frequent on stony tracks, spreading",685,11,Hc Picea sitchensis,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,685,51,Ph Pinus contorta,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Moderate,Medium,Dwarf Shrub Heath,Mainly confined to conifer woodland but spreading onto heath and bog in places,685,59,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,H16,West Galway,Ireland,2159,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Major pest of Oak woodlands,685,84,Ph Impatiens glandulifera,H17,North-East Galway,Ireland,2181,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,581,8,Th Koenigia polystachya,H17,North-East Galway,Ireland,2181,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,581,4,G Petasites pyrenaicus,H17,North-East Galway,Ireland,2181,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,581,24,G Prunus laurocerasus,H17,North-East Galway,Ireland,2181,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,581,32,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H17,North-East Galway,Ireland,2181,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,581,26,G Rhododendron ponticum,H17,North-East Galway,Ireland,2181,Moderate,Medium,Bogs,,581,28,Ph Buddleja davidii,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Moderate,Medium,Inland Rock,Sand quarries,549,35,Ph Erigeron canadensis,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Moderate,Medium,Inland Rock,Sand quarries,549,6,Th Gunnera tinctoria,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Minor,Low,Rivers and Streams,,549,1,G Heracleum mantegazzianum,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Moderate,Low,Boundary/Linear Features,,549,2,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Massive,Medium,Rivers and Streams,,549,17,Th Myriophyllum aquaticum,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,549,2,Hy Nymphoides peltata,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Minor,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,549,1,Hy Prunus laurocerasus,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,549,31,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Massive,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,,549,28,G Rhododendron ponticum,H18,Offaly,Ireland,2006,Massive,Medium,Bogs,,549,24,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,H26,East Mayo,Ireland,2009,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,547,126,Ph Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,H26,East Mayo,Ireland,2009,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Along roadside verge,547,54,G Elodea canadensis,H26,East Mayo,Ireland,2009,Major,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,547,25,Hy Petasites pyrenaicus,H26,East Mayo,Ireland,2009,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Roadside verges and embankments,547,11,G Prunus laurocerasus,H26,East Mayo,Ireland,2009,Major,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,,547,13,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H26,East Mayo,Ireland,2009,Major,Medium,Bogs,usually found on margins of cutover raised bogs. These areas have been used in the past for dumping of household and garden waste and have therefore may be the source of this species establishment and spread,547,28,G Azolla filiculoides,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Minor,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,923,8,Hy Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Roadside verges, river banks",923,175,G Gunnera tinctoria,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",Damp ground including clay cliffs.,923,32,G Impatiens glandulifera,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,"Fen, Marsh, Swamp",,923,26,Th Lagarosiphon major,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Oligotrophic Lake,923,1,Hy Leycesteria formosa,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous wood,923,32,Ph Luma apiculata,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous wood,923,16,Ph Myriophyllum aquaticum,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Oligotrophic Lake ,923,9,Hy Reynoutria japonica,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Roadside verges (various types of grassland),923,159,G Rhododendron ponticum,H3,West Cork,Ireland,2989,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Old Oak Woodland - Annex I habitat in the EU Habitats Directive. Corresponds to upland oak and lowland mixed woodland? ,923,105,Ph Elodea nuttallii,H30,Cavan,Ireland,1936,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,,531,22,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,H30,Cavan,Ireland,1936,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,,531,7,Th Picea sitchensis,H30,Cavan,Ireland,1936,Moderate,High,Bogs,,531,24,Ph Pinus contorta,H30,Cavan,Ireland,1936,Moderate,High,Bogs,,531,4,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H30,Cavan,Ireland,1936,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,,531,58,G Rhododendron ponticum,H30,Cavan,Ireland,1936,Massive,High,Bogs,Also estate woodland,531,23,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Massive,High,Calcareous Grassland,Abundant at two sites for Neotinea intacta,504,8,Ph Elodea nuttallii,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Major,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Spreading to all standing water in FErmanagh,504,57,Hy Impatiens glandulifera,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Also on islands in Upper Lough Erne,504,39,Th Leycesteria formosa,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"A recent invasive in Fermanagh, but one to be watched",504,14,Ph Picea sitchensis,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Moderate,High,Bogs,Self seeding from plantations,504,86,Ph Pinus contorta,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Moderate,High,Bogs,Self seeding from plantations,504,15,Ph Prunus laurocerasus,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Especially on estate woodland,504,57,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,H33,Fermanagh,Ireland,1856,Massive,High,Bogs,Bogs and Woodland,504,81,Ph Acaena novae-zelandiae,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Major,Medium,Acid Grassland,Burrs on sheeps' wool potentially fatal,817,15,Ch Acer pseudoplatanus,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Moderate,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Tends to replace native tree species, and reduced ground flora",817,117,Ph Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Moderate,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,"Roadsides and streams. Widespread, but taking over stretches in the west.",817,150,G Gunnera tinctoria,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Major,High,Acid Grassland,Also Streams,817,19,G Impatiens glandulifera,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Also spreads to adjacent woodland etc.,817,36,Th Koenigia polystachya,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Roadsides and riverbanks - also acid grassland,817,45,G Prunus laurocerasus,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,As for Rhododendron but more restricted distribution,817,5,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"Any disturbed habitat - farmyards, roadsides, riverbanks etc.",817,62,G Rhododendron ponticum,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Also Blanket Bog, where medium impact & low confidence",817,73,Ph Rubus spectabilis,H35,West Donegal,Ireland,2633,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Can obliterate ground flora and tree regeneration,817,22,Ph Allium paradoxum,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Only seriously invasive on Ballinderry River,874,9,G Heracleum mantegazzianum,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Especially in E of county,874,61,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,,874,119,Th Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Minor,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Minor impact to date, but potentially serious",874,64,Ch Reynoutria japonica,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Large patches may occur in all sorts of places e.g. patches of waste ground,874,112,G Rhododendron ponticum,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Especially on old uncared-for estate woodland.,874,104,Ph Rubus spectabilis,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Especially serious in old estate woodland,874,81,Ph Tellima grandiflora,H36,Tyrone,Ireland,3272,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams, Moderate impact on Ballinderry River system. Otherwise no problem.,874,10,Hc Acer pseudoplatanus,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Minor,Medium,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,In plantations (no native woodland in VC),363,196,Ph Cornus sericea,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Also beside lakes,363,18,Ph Elodea canadensis,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"In most water bodies, but being replaced by E. nuttallii",363,59,Hy Elodea nuttallii,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Major,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Has spread massively in recent years in L. Neagh,363,22,Hy Prunus laurocerasus,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,usually in plantation woodlands. Precludes establishment of much native woodland flora but supports Lathraea squamaria,363,72,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Associated with disturbance,363,44,G Rhododendron ponticum,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Also on dried out raised bog,363,62,Ph Rubus spectabilis,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,On margins of conifer plantations and in in hedges,363,27,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,H37,Armagh,Ireland,1329,Minor,Medium,Boundary/Linear Features,Gradually spreading in hedges and plantations,363,116,Ph Allium triquetrum,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Can crowd out other species in hedgebanks,851,16,G Heracleum mantegazzianum,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Troublesome where it occurs but sparsely distributed,851,51,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Massive,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,"Has shaded out and eliminated native flora on shores of many lakes and rivers in the county, and spreads rapidly",851,106,Th Lysichiton americanus,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Minimal,High,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Has potential to invade lake shores and riverbanks but still local,851,13,Hc Petasites pyrenaicus,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Can crowd out other species in hedgebanks,851,61,G Prunus laurocerasus,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Shades out and eliminates all other vegetation, but spreads slowly",851,93,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,Occasionally invades riverbanks but usually confined to waste ground,851,135,G Rosa rugosa,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Minimal,High,Littoral habitat,Can invade sand dunes but very local,851,24,Ph Rubus spectabilis,H39,Antrim,Ireland,3099,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Invasive and reasonably widespread, reducing biodiversity",851,33,Ph Cyperus eragrostis,H4,Mid-Cork,Ireland,2466,Minor,High,Rivers and Streams,"See Wallace. J 2018 Cyperus eragrostis Lam. at Taiscumar Reservoir, Mid Cork (H4), Irish Botanical News",666,11,Hc Erigeron canadensis,H4,Mid-Cork,Ireland,2466,Moderate,High,Improved Grassland,Seems to be taking over in disturbed and waste ground,666,7,Th Reynoutria japonica,H4,Mid-Cork,Ireland,2466,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Though widespread this seems to be only a major problem in anthropogenic environments. Its threat is to the structures in these environments. Where it occurs in natural or semi-natural environments that are not disturbed the populations remain under control,666,154,G Rubus spectabilis,H4,Mid-Cork,Ireland,2466,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,By far the single biggest threat to what remains of our broadleaved woodlands. Have seen woodland where this is the only ground-level species,666,17,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mixed Ashwoods, Oakwoods",560,186,Ph Allium triquetrum,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mixed Ashwoods, Oakwoods",560,9,G Cotoneaster integrifolius,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Maritime Cliff and Slopes,560,7,Ph Fagus sylvatica,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mixed Ashwoods, Oakwoods",560,152,Ph Heracleum mantegazzianum,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Rivers including riverbanks,560,45,Hc Picea sitchensis,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Massive,High,Bogs,Blanket Bog,560,58,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Rivers including riverbanks,560,76,G Rosa rugosa,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Coastal Sand Dunes,560,14,Ph Rubus spectabilis,H40,Londonderry,Ireland,2068,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,"Mixed Ashwoods, Oakwoods",560,55,Ph Acer pseudoplatanus,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland. Is problematic for the conservation quality of woodlands in SACs.,571,211,Ph Allium triquetrum,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"H5 is home to intensive agriculture, non-native conifer plantation and quarrying. Few semi-natural sites unaffected by development. Roadside verges and hedgerows often only refugia for native species. ",571,48,G Clematis vitalba,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,hedgerows and open mosaic habitats on previously developed lands. In hedgerows and treelins close to urban areas and along major arterial routes this can be problematic. Also for limestone outcrops / old quarries where native calcicole flora is established.,571,61,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Inland Rock,This in particular relates to the threat to the single Cork population of Neotinea maculata from Cotoneaser horizontalis,571,1,Ph Impatiens glandulifera,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Rivers and Streams,Locally but along the banks of an SPA / SAC,571,68,Th Petasites pyrenaicus,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,"H5 is home to intensive agriculture, non-native conifer plantation and quarrying. Few semi-natural sites unaffected by development. Roadside verges and hedgerows often only refugia for some native species. ",571,128,G Pinus contorta,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Minimal,Medium,Dwarf Shrub Heath,Upland heathland. Lowland heathland.There is little heathland in East Cork that has not been afforested commercially.However those remaining are inevitably adjacent to forestry and on all visited recently a considerable number of young trees of this species were notes throughout.A potential problem for the future. ,571,20,Ph Prunus laurocerasus,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Present in many semi-natural woodlands. Is problematic for woodlands within the Blackwater (Cork / Waterford) SAC in H5.,571,88,Ph Rhododendron ponticum,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Lowland mixed deciduous woodland. Upland heathland. Not as much an issue as Prunus laurocerasus in H5 as yet. Is problematic for woodlands within the Blackwater (Cork / Waterford) SAC in H5. Also seems to be more awareness and so more treatment.,571,46,Ph Spartina anglica,H5,East Cork,Ireland,2046,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Coastal saltmarsh. Intertidal mudflats.,571,15,Hel Allium triquetrum,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Major,High,Boundary/Linear Features,Replacing native species,523,104,G Azolla filiculoides,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Minor,Low,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Shading out native species,523,1,Hy Elodea canadensis,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Minor,Low,Rivers and Streams,Replacing native species,523,54,Hy Heracleum mantegazzianum,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Moderate,High,Rivers and Streams,Shading out native species,523,12,Hc Impatiens glandulifera,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Massive,High,Rivers and Streams,Shading out native species,523,85,Th Lemna minuta,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Major,Medium,Standing Open Waters/Canals,Shading out native species,523,21,Hy Prunus laurocerasus,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Moderate,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Shading out native ground flora,523,175,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Moderate,Medium,Rivers and Streams,Replacing native species,523,221,G Rhododendron ponticum,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Massive,High,Broadleaved/Mixed Woodland,Shading out native ground flora,523,150,Ph Spartina anglica,H6,Waterford,Ireland,1867,Major,High,Littoral habitat,Replacing native species,523,28,Hel Centranthus ruber,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Major,High,Inland Rock,"limestone pavement, road verges, walls, gardens - a very worrying invasive; seeds wind distributed, has the potential to become a serious problem",972,38,Ch Clematis vitalba,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Moderate,High,Inland Rock,limestone pavement & hedgerows,972,35,Ph Cotoneaster integrifolius,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Major,High,Inland Rock,"limestone pavement & heath; spp id variously as horizontalis, integrifolius, microphyllus + some simonsii; smaller lvd spp have been observed overgrowing Gentiana verna & Dryas octopetala - a very worrying invasive; seeds bird distributed, has the potential to become a serious problem",972,15,Ph Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,planted in road verges & naturalised + streamsides,972,193,G Fuchsia magellanica,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,planted in hedgerows - ass w occupied & abandoned dwellings,972,105,Ph Koenigia polystachya,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,road verges - spread inadvertently by road works,972,48,G Lonicera nitida,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,planted in hedgerows - ass w occupied & abandoned dwellings,972,108,Ph Reynoutria japonica,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Moderate,High,Boundary/Linear Features,road verges - spread inadvertently by road works; some herbicide control,972,162,G Rhododendron ponticum,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Moderate,High,Bogs,"originally planted, now self-seeded?",972,44,Ph Symphoricarpos albus,H9,Clare,Ireland,3331,Minor,High,Boundary/Linear Features,planted in hedgerows - ass w occupied & abandoned dwellings,972,76,Ph