The relationship between leafy spurge cover and the proportion of species classified as native graminoids (a) and forbs (b). Leafy spurge effects on native graminoid relative richness are shown from the single-site survey, colour-coded as a function of small ruminant grazing. Leafy spurge effects on native forb richness are shown from the multi-site survey and colour-coded as a function of whether herbicide is currently used to manage leafy spurge. Plots show partial residuals. Lines represent best fit lines and shaded areas the 95% confidence intervals around those fits.

 
 
  Part of: Liu C, Groff T, Anderson E, Brown C, Cahill Jr JF, Paulow L, Bennett JA (2023) Effects of the invasive leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) on plant community structure are altered by management history. NeoBiota 81: 157-182. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.89450