Global movement of all insects feeding on Pinus radiata (A), and those with non-negligible impact (B). The thickness of each arrow is relative to the number of species native to the source biogeographic region established in the destination biogeographic region. Some species had native ranges spanning multiple biogeographic ranges, and in general it is not known if regions were used as bridgeheads, so the arrows represent all possible movements. Note that the East Palearctic includes records from the Indo-Malayan region.

 
 
  Part of: Brockerhoff EG, Gresham BA, Meurisse N, Nahrung HF, Perret-Gentil A, Pugh AR, Sopow SL, Turner RM (2023) Pining away and at home: global utilisation of Pinus radiata by native and non-native insects. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 137-167. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.95864